****************************************************************************** A Short, Selective, and Provisional GA, Evolution, and Artificial Life Bibliography prepared by Geoffrey F. Miller (geoffrey@psych.stanford.edu) and Peter M. Todd (todd@psych.stanford.edu) References organized by topic; * = highly recommended and topical. This list is also available by email from the addresses above. ****************************************************************************** BASIC EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Dawkins, R. (1986). The blind watchmaker. W.W. Norton. Dawkins, R. (1982). The extended phenotype. W.H. Freeman. Dawkins, R. (1976). The selfish gene. Oxford U. Press. Dupre, J. (Ed.). (1987). The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality. MIT Press. * Eldredge, N. (1989). Macroevolutionary dynamics: Species, niches, and adaptive peaks. McGraw-Hill. Futuyama, D.J. (1986). Evolutionary biology, 2nd Edition. Sinauer Associates. * Richards, R.J. (1987). Darwin and the emergence of evolutionary theories of mind and behavior. U. Chicago Press. Williams, G.C. (1966). Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton U. Press. EVOLUTIONARY COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY Alcock, J. (1989). Animal behavior: An evolutionary approach (4th Ed.). Sinauer Assocociates. Camhi, J.M. (1984). Neuroethology. Sinauer Associates. Driver, P.M., & D.A. Humphries. (1988). Protean behavior: The biology of unpredictability. Clarendon Press. Ewert, J.P. (1980). Neuroethology. Springer-Verlag. Gould, J.J. (1982). Ethology: The mechanisms and evolution of behavior. W.W. Norton. Hoyle, G. (1984). The scope of neuroethology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7: 367-412. Krebs, J.R., & Davies, N.B. (Eds.). (1984). Behavioral ecology: An evolutionary approach. Blackwell Scientific. MacKay, D.G. (1987). The organization of perception and action. Springer-Verlag. McFarland, D., & A. Houston (1981). Quantitative ethology: The state-space approach. Pitman Books. Pearce, J.M. (1987). An introduction to animal cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum. Roitblat, H.L. (1987). Introduction to comparative cognition. W.H. Freeman. Slater, P.J.B. (1985). An introduction to ethology. Cambridge U. Press. Stephens, D.W., & J.R. Krebs (1986). Foraging Theory. Princeton U. Press. EVOLUTION AND MOTIVATION Colgan, P. (1989). Animal Motivation. Chapman & Hall. Gallistel, C.R. (1980). The organization of action. Lawrence Erlbaum. Maes, P. (1990). How to do the right thing. Connection Science 1(3). Tinbergen, N. (1951). The study of instinct. Oxford U. Press. Toates, F. (1986). Motivational systems. Cambridge U. Press. Tolman, E.C. (1932). Purposive behavior in animals and men. Appleton-Century-Crofts. EVOLUTION AND LEARNING Belew, R.K. (1990). Evolution, learning, and culture: Computational metaphors for adaptive search. Complex Systems 4: 11-49. Bolles, R.C., & Beecher, M.D. (Eds.). (1988). Evolution and learning. Lawrence Erlbaum. Davey, G. (1989). Ecological learning theory. Routledge. Gallistel, C.R. (1991). The organization of learning. Lawrence Erlbaum. Gardner, R.A., & B.T. Gardner (1988). Feedforward vs. feedback: An ethological alternative to the law of effect. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11: 429-493. * Hinton, G.E., & Nowlan, S.J. (1987). How learning can guide evolution. Complex systems 1: 495-502. Lee, Y.C. (Ed.). (1988). Evolution, learning, and cognition. World Scientific. Marler, P., & H.S. Terrace. (Eds.). (1984). The biology of learning. Springer-Verlag. Maynard Smith, J. (1987). When learning guides evolution. Nature 329: 761-762. Staddon, J.E.R. (1983). Adaptive behavior and learning. Oxford U. Press. Todd, P. M., & Miller, G. F. (1991). Exploring adaptive agency II: Simulating the evolution of associative learning. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). Todd, P. M., & Miller, G. F. (1991). Exploring adaptive agency III: Simulating the evolution of habituation and sensitization. In Schwefel and Manner (PPSN). Also see many other papers in Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats) and Schwefel and Manner (PPSN). EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY Cosmides, L. (1989). The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Cognition 31: 187-276. Rozin, P. (1976). The evolution of intelligence and access to the cognitive unconscious. In Sprague, J.M., & Epstein, A.N. (Eds.), Progress in psychobiology and physiological psychology. Academic Press. Shepard, R.N. (1987). Evolution of a mesh between principles of the mind and regularities of the world. In Dupre, J. (Ed.), The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality. MIT Press. Shepard, R.N. (1989). Internal representation of universal regularities: A challenge for connectionism. In Nadel, L. et al. (Eds.), Neural connections and mental computations. MIT Press. Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of the ancestral environment. Ethology and Sociobiology 11: 375-424. * Tooby, J., Cosmides, L., and Barkow, J. (Eds.). (In Press). The adapted mind. Oxford U. Press. ARTIFICIAL LIFE Beer, R.D. (1990). Intelligence as adaptive behavior: An experiment in computational neuroethology. Academic Press. Braitenberg, V. (1984). Vehicles. MIT Press. Brooks, R.A. (1987). Intelligence without representations. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Foundations of Intelligence. MIT Press. Forrest, S.J. (Ed.). (1990). Emergent computation: Self-organizing, collective, and cooperative computing networks. MIT Press. * Langton, C.L. (1989). Artificial Life. MIT Press. [ALife I] * Langton, C.L., J.D. Farmer, S. Rasmussen, & C. Taylor (Eds.). (1991). Artificial Life II. Addison-Wesley. [ALife II] Simon, H.A. (1982). The sciences of the artificial. MIT Press. Toffoli, T., & N. Margolus (1987). Cellular automata machines. MIT Press. GENETIC ALGORITHMS Davis, L. (Ed.). (1987). Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing. Pitman Press. * Goldberg, D.E. (1989). Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning. Addison-Wesley. Grefenstette, J.J. (1985). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Lawrence Erlbaum. Grefenstette, J.J. (1987). Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Lawrence Erlbaum. Holland, J. (1975). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press. Schaffer, J.D. (1989). Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann. [ICGA-3] OTHER EVOLUTIONARY MODELING APPROACHES AND METHODS Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. Basic Books. Fogel, L.J., A.J. Owens, & M.J. Walsh (1966). Artificial intelligence through simulated evolution. Wiley. Kauffman, S., & S. Levin. (1987). Towards a general theory of adaptive walks on rugged landscapes. J. Theoretical Biology 128: 11-45. Kauffman, S.A. (1990). Origins of order: Self-organization and selection in evolution. Oxford U. Press. Lendrem, D. (1986). Modelling in behavioral ecology: An introductory text. Timber Press. Maynard Smith, J. (1982). Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge U. Press. Schwefel, H.-P., & Manner, R. (Eds.). (1991). Parallel problem solving from nature. Springer-Verlag. [PPSN] GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND NEURAL NETWORKS Belew, R.K., J. McInerney, & N.N. Schraudolph (1990). Evolving networks: Using the genetic algorithm with connectionist learning. CSE Tech. Rep. CS90-174, UCSD. Chalmers, D.J. (1990). The evolution of learning: An experiment in genetic connectionism. In D.S. Touretzky et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1990 Connectionist Models Summer School. Morgan Kaufmann. Cecconi, F., & D. Parisi (1991). Evolving organisms that can reach for objects. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). Hancock, P.J.B., & L.S. Smith (1991). GANNET: Genetic design of a neural net for face recognition. In Schwefel and Manner (PPSN). Harp, S.A., T. Samad, & A. Guha (1989). Towards the genetic synthesis of neural networks. In Schaffer (ICGA-3). Heistermann, J. (1991). The application of a genetic approach as an algorithm for neural networks. In Schwefel and Manner (PPSN). Hoffgen, K.-U., H.P. Siemon, & A. Ultsch, (1991). Genetic improvements in feedforward nets for approximating functions. In Schwefel and Manner (PPSN). Kitano, H. (1990). Designing neural networks using genetic algorithms with graph generation system. Complex Systems 4: 461-476. Miller, G.F., P.M. Todd, & S.U. Hedge (1989). Designing neural networks using genetic algorithms. In Shaffer (ICGA-3). Parisi, D., F. Cecconi, & S. Nolfi (1990). ECONETS: Neural networks that learn in an environment. Network 2: 1-21. Rudnick, M. (1990). A bibliography of the intersection of genetic search and artificial neural networks. Tech. Rep. CS/E 90-001, Oregon Graduate Institute, University of Oregon. Stork, D.G., & R. Keesing (In press). Evolution and learning in neural networks. In D.S. Touretzky (Ed.), Neural Information Processing Systems III. Weiss, G. (1990). Combining neural and evolutionary learning: Aspects and approaches. Institut fur Informatik Tech. Rep., Technische Universitat Munchen. Whitley, D.W., & T. Hanson (1989). Optimizing neural networks using faster, more accurate genetic search. In Schaffer (ICGA-3). EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES TO ARTIFICIAL LIFE * Ackley, D.H., & Littman, M.L. (1991). Learning from natural selection in an artificial environment. In Langton et al. (ALife II). Collins, R.J., & D.R. Jefferson (1991). AntFarm: A progress report. In Langton et al. (ALife II). Collins, R.J., & D.R. Jefferson (1991). Representations for artificial organisms. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). Harvey, I. (1991). The artificial evolution of behavior. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). Jefferson, D. et al. (1991). The GeneSys System: Evolution as a theme in artificial life. In Langton et al. (ALife II). Koza, J.R. (1991). Evolution and co-evolution of computer programs to control independently-acting agents. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). * Meyer, J.-A., & S.W. Wilson (Eds.). (1991). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From Animals to Animats. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [Animals to Animats] Miller, G.F. (1991). The evolution of Protean behavior strategies: An endless arms race between prediction and evasion. Unpublished manuscript, Psychology Dept., Stanford University. Paredis, J. (1991). The evolution of behavior: Some experiments. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). Wood, D. (1991). A von Neumann approach to a genotype expression in a neural animat. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO GENERATING ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR Agre, P.E., & Chapman, D. (1987). Pengi: An implementation of a theory of activity. In Proceedings of AAAI-87, pp. 268-272. Booker, L.B. (1988). Classifier systems that learn internal world models. Machine Learning 3: 161-192. Grossberg, S. (1988). Neural networks and natural intelligence. MIT Press/Bradford Books. Holland, J., K.J. Holyoak, R.E. Nisbett, & P.R. Thagard. (1986). Induction: Processes on inference, learning, and discovery. MIT Press. Minsky, M.C. (1986). The society of mind. Simon and Schuster. Rumelhart, D.E., & McClelland, J.L. (1986). Parallel distributed processing. MIT Press/Bradford Books. Sutton, R.S. (1990). Integrated architectures for learning, planning, and reacting based on approximating dynamic programming. In Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference. Morgan Kaufmann. Wilson, S.W. (1987). Classifier systems and the animat problem. Machine Learning 3(2): 199-228. THEORETICAL ISSUES Clark, C.W. (1991). Modelling behavioral adaptations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14(1): 85-117. (See also commentary by Miller and Todd.) Cliff, D.T. (1990). Computational neuroethology: A provisional manifesto. In Meyer and Wilson (Animals to Animats). Graubard (Ed.). (1988). The artificial intelligence debate: False starts, real foundations. MIT Press. Harnad, S. (1990). The symbol grounding problem. Physica D 42: 335-346. Hookway, C. (Ed.). (1984). Minds, machines, and evolution. Cambridge U. Press. Lloyd, D. (1989). Simple Minds. MIT Press/Bradford Books. Mangel, N., & Clark, C.W. (1988). Dynamic modeling in behavioral ecology. Princeton U. Press. * Miller, G. F., & Todd, P. M. (1990). Exploring adaptive agency I: Theory and methods for simulating the evolution of learning. In Touretzky, D.S. et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1990 Connectionist Models Summer School. Morgan Kaufmann. Schull, J. (1990). Are species intelligent? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13: 63-108. SOME RELEVANT JOURNALS Biology/Ethology: Animal Behavior, Behavior, Evolution, Journal of Mathematical Biology, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Nature. Psychology: Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Cognition and Emotion, Cognitive Science, Ethology and Sociobiology, Evolution and Cognition, Human Nature, Journal of Comparative Psychology, Psychological Review. Modeling etc.: Adaptive Behavior (forthcoming), Artificial Life (forthcoming), Complex Systems, Physica D, Neural Computation, Connection Science, Neural Networks.