MySQL Reference Manual for version 3.21.30.

• 1 General Information about MySQL
  • 1.1 What is MySQL?
  • 1.2 About this manual
  • 1.3 History of MySQL
  • 1.4 The main features of MySQL
  • 1.5 General SQL information and tutorials
  • 1.6 Useful MySQL-related links
  • 1.7 What are stored procedures and triggers and so on?
• 2 MySQL mailing lists and how to ask questions/give error (bug) reports
  • 2.1 Subscribing to/un-subscribing from the MySQL mailing list.
  • 2.2 Asking questions or reporting bugs.
  • 2.3 I think I have found a bug. What information do you need to help me?
    • 2.3.1 MySQL keeps crashing
  • 2.4 Guidelines for answering questions on the mailing list.
• 3 Licensing or When do I have/want to pay for MySQL?
  • 3.1 How much does MySQL cost?
  • 3.2 How do I get commercial support?
    • 3.2.1 Types of commercial support
      • 3.2.1.1 Basic email support
      • 3.2.1.2 Extended email support
      • 3.2.1.3 Login support
      • 3.2.1.4 Extended login support
  • 3.3 How do I pay for licenses/support ?
  • 3.4 Who do I contact when I want more information about licensing/support?
  • 3.5 What Copyright does MySQL use?
  • 3.6 When may I distribute MySQL commercially without a fee?
  • 3.7 I want to sell a product that can be configured to use MySQL.
  • 3.8 I am running a commercial web server using MySQL.
  • 3.9 Do I need a license to sell commercial perl/tcl/PHP/Web+ etc applications?
  • 3.10 Possible future changes in the licensing.
• 4 Compiling and installing MySQL
  • 4.1 How do I get MySQL?
  • 4.2 Which MySQL version should I use?
  • 4.3 How/when will you release updates?
  • 4.4 Which operating systems does MySQL support?
  • 4.5 Compiling MySQL from source code.
    • 4.5.1 Quick installation overview.
    • 4.5.2 Applying a patch
  • 4.6 Problems compiling ?
  • 4.7 General compilation notes
  • 4.8 MIT-pthreads notes. (FreeBSD)
  • 4.9 Perl installation comments.
  • 4.10 Special things to consider for some machine/OS combinations.
    • 4.10.1 Solaris notes.
    • 4.10.2 SunOS 4 notes.
    • 4.10.3 Linux notes for all versions
      • 4.10.3.1 Linux-x86 notes.
      • 4.10.3.2 RedHat 5.0
      • 4.10.3.3 Linux-Sparc notes.
      • 4.10.3.4 Linux-Alpha notes.
    • 4.10.4 Alpha-DEC-Unix notes.
    • 4.10.5 Alpha-DEC-OSF1 notes.
    • 4.10.6 SGI-IRIX notes.
    • 4.10.7 FreeBSD notes.
      • 4.10.7.1 FreeBSD-3.0 notes.
    • 4.10.8 BSD/OS 2.# notes
      • 4.10.8.1 BSD/OS 3.# notes.
    • 4.10.9 SCO notes.
    • 4.10.10 IBM-AIX notes.
    • 4.10.11 HPUX notes.
  • 4.11 Win32 notes
  • 4.12 Installation instructions for MySQL binary release
    • 4.12.1 To get perl work do the following:
    • 4.12.2 Linux notes.
    • 4.12.3 HP/UX notes.
    • 4.12.4 Linking client libraries
  • 4.13 Problems running mysql_install_db
  • 4.14 Problems starting MySQL
  • 4.15 Automatic start/stop of MySQL
• 5 How standards compatible is MySQL?
  • 5.1 What extensions has MySQL to ANSI SQL92?
  • 5.2 What functionality is missing in MySQL.
    • 5.2.1 Sub-selects
    • 5.2.2 SELECT INTO TABLE
    • 5.2.3 Transactions
    • 5.2.4 Triggers
    • 5.2.5 Foreign Keys
      • 5.2.5.1 Some reasons NOT to use FOREIGN KEYS
    • 5.2.6 Views
    • 5.2.7 -- as start of a comment
  • 5.3 What standards does MySQL follow?
  • 5.4 What functions exist only for compatibility?
  • 5.5 Limitations of BLOB and TEXT types
  • 5.6 How to cope without COMMIT-ROLLBACK
• 6 How do MySQL privileges work?
  • 6.1 What can the privilege system do.
  • 6.2 How does the privilege system work?
  • 6.3 The privilege tables
  • 6.4 Adding new user privileges to MySQL
  • 6.5 Default privileges.
  • 6.6 A example of permission setup.
  • 6.7 Why do I get this Access denied? error.
  • 6.8 How to make MySQL secure against crackers.
• 7 MySQL language reference
  • 7.1 Literals. How do you write strings and numbers?
    • 7.1.1 Strings
    • 7.1.2 Numbers
    • 7.1.3 NULL
    • 7.1.4 Database, table, index and column names
  • 7.2 Column types.
    • 7.2.1 More about data types
      • 7.2.1.1 Database size info.
      • 7.2.1.2 The numeric types
      • 7.2.1.3 TIMESTAMP type
      • 7.2.1.4 TEXT and BLOB types
      • 7.2.1.5 ENUM type
      • 7.2.1.6 SET type
    • 7.2.2 Choosing the right type for a column.
    • 7.2.3 Column indexes
    • 7.2.4 Multiple column indexes
    • 7.2.5 Type mapping to ease moving table definitions between different databases engines
  • 7.3 Functions for use in SELECT and WHERE clauses
    • 7.3.1 Grouping functions.
    • 7.3.2 Normal arithmetic operations.
    • 7.3.3 Bit functions.
    • 7.3.4 Logical operations.
    • 7.3.5 Comparison operators.
    • 7.3.6 String comparison functions.
    • 7.3.7 Control flow functions.
    • 7.3.8 Mathematical functions.
    • 7.3.9 String functions.
    • 7.3.10 Date and time functions.
    • 7.3.11 Miscellaneous functions.
    • 7.3.12 Functions for GROUP BY clause.
  • 7.4 Create database syntax.
  • 7.5 Drop database syntax.
  • 7.6 CREATE TABLE syntax.
  • 7.7 ALTER TABLE syntax
  • 7.8 DROP TABLE syntax.
  • 7.9 DELETE syntax.
  • 7.10 SELECT syntax
  • 7.11 Join syntax
  • 7.12 INSERT syntax
  • 7.13 REPLACE syntax
  • 7.14 LOAD DATA INFILE syntax
  • 7.15 UPDATE syntax
  • 7.16 SHOW syntax. Get information about tables, columns...
  • 7.17 EXPLAIN syntax. Get information about a SELECT.
  • 7.18 DESCRIBE syntax. Get information about columns.
  • 7.19 LOCK TABLES syntax
  • 7.20 SET OPTION syntax.
  • 7.21 GRANT syntax. (Compatibility function).
  • 7.22 CREATE INDEX syntax (Compatibility function).
  • 7.23 DROP INDEX syntax (Compatibility function).
  • 7.24 Comment syntax
  • 7.25 CREATE FUNCTION syntax
  • 7.26 Is MySQL picky about reserved words?
• 8 How safe/stable is MySQL
  • 8.1 How stable is MySQL?
  • 8.2 Why are there is so many release of MySQL?
  • 8.3 Checking a table for errors.
  • 8.4 How to repair tables.
  • 8.5 Is there anything special to do when upgrading/downgrading MySQL?
    • 8.5.1 Upgrading to 3.21 from a 3.20 version
  • 8.6 Year 2000 compilance
• 9 MySQL Server functions
  • 9.1 Which languages are supported by MySQL?
    • 9.1.1 Character set used for data & sorting.
  • 9.2 The Update log
  • 9.3 How big can MySQL tables be?
• 10 How to get maximum performance out of MySQL
  • 10.1 How does one change the size of MySQL buffers?
  • 10.2 How compiling and linking affects the speed of MySQL
  • 10.3 How does MySQL use memory ?
  • 10.4 How does MySQL use indexes?
  • 10.5 What kind of optimisation is done on the WHERE clause?
  • 10.6 How does MySQL open & close tables?
    • 10.6.0.1 What are the drawbacks of creating possibly thousands of tables in a database?
  • 10.7 How does MySQL lock tables?
  • 10.8 How should I arrange my table to be as fast/small as possible?
  • 10.9 What affects the speed of the INSERT statement?
  • 10.10 What affects the speed of DELETE statement?
  • 10.11 How do I get MySQL to run at full speed?
  • 10.12 What are the different row formats? Or when to use VARCHAR/CHAR?
  • 10.13 Why so many open tables?
• 11 MySQL benchmark suite
• 12 MySQL Utilites
  • 12.1 Overview of the different MySQL programs
  • 12.2 The MySQL table check, optimise and repair program
    • 12.2.1 isamchk memory use
    • 12.2.2 Getting low level table information
  • 12.3 The MySQL compressed read only table generator
• 13 Adding functions to MySQL
  • 13.1 Adding new functions to MySQL
• 14 ODBC
  • 14.1 Which operating systems does MySQL ODBC support?
  • 14.2 How should I report problems with MySQL ODBC?
  • 14.3 Programs known to work with MyODBC.
  • 14.4 How do I fill in the various fields in the ODBC administrator program?
  • 14.5 How to get the value of a AUTO_INCREMENT column in ODBC
• 15 Problems and common errors
  • 15.1 Some common errors when using MySQL
    • 15.1.1 MySQL server has gone away error.
    • 15.1.2 Can't connect to local MySQL server error.
    • 15.1.3 Out of memory errors
    • 15.1.4 Packet to large
    • 15.1.5 The table is full
    • 15.1.6 Commands out of sync in client
  • 15.2 How does MySQL handle a full disk
  • 15.3 Access denied? error.
  • 15.4 How to run MySQL as a normal user.
  • 15.5 Problems with file permissions
  • 15.6 File not found
  • 15.7 Problems using DATE columns.
  • 15.8 Case sensitivity in searches.
  • 15.9 Problems with NULL
• 16 Solving some common problems with MySQL
  • 16.1 Database replication
  • 16.2 Backup of databases
• 17 MySQL client tools and API's
  • 17.1 MySQL C API
    • 17.1.1 Why is it that after mysql_query() returns success, mysql_store_result() sometimes returns NULL?
    • 17.1.2 What results can I get from a query?
    • 17.1.3 How can I get the unique ID for the last inserted row?
    • 17.1.4 What is the difference between mysql_use_result() and mysql_store_result() modes?
    • 17.1.5 Problems linking with the C API.
    • 17.1.6 How to make a threadsafe client
    • 17.1.7 Making a threadsafe client
  • 17.2 MySQL Perl API's
    • 17.2.1 DBI with DBD::mysql
      • 17.2.1.1 The DBI interface
      • 17.2.1.2 More DBI/DBD information
  • 17.3 MySQL Java connectivity (JDBC)
  • 17.4 MySQL PHP API's
  • 17.5 MySQL C++ API's
  • 17.6 MySQL Python API's
  • 17.7 MySQL TCL API's
• 18 How does MySQL compare with other databases
  • 18.1 How does MySQL compare with mSQL
    • 18.1.1 How about mSQL tools like msql-tcl, msqljava?
    • 18.1.2 How different from mSQL are the MySQL client/server communications protocols?
    • 18.1.3 What are the differences in the SQL syntax between MySQL & mSQL 2.0?
  • 18.2 How does MySQL compare with PostgreSQL
• A Some users of MySQL.
• B Contributed programs
• C Who has helped to make MySQL.
• D MySQL change history
  • 18.3 Changes in release 3.21.x
    • 18.3.1 Changes in release 3.21.30
    • 18.3.2 Changes in release 3.21.29
    • 18.3.3 Changes in release 3.21.28
    • 18.3.4 Changes in release 3.21.27
    • 18.3.5 Changes in release 3.21.26
    • 18.3.6 Changes in release 3.21.25
    • 18.3.7 Changes in release 3.21.24
    • 18.3.8 Changes in release 3.21.23
    • 18.3.9 Changes in release 3.21.22
    • 18.3.10 Changes in release 3.21.21a
    • 18.3.11 Changes in release 3.21.21
    • 18.3.12 Changes in release 3.21.20
    • 18.3.13 Changes in release 3.21.19
    • 18.3.14 Changes in release 3.21.18
    • 18.3.15 Changes in release 3.21.17
    • 18.3.16 Changes in release 3.21.16
    • 18.3.17 Changes in release 3.21.15
    • 18.3.18 Changes in release 3.21.14b
    • 18.3.19 Changes in release 3.21.14a
    • 18.3.20 Changes in release 3.21.13
    • 18.3.21 Changes in release 3.21.12
    • 18.3.22 Changes in release 3.21.11
    • 18.3.23 Changes in release 3.21.10
    • 18.3.24 Changes in release 3.21.9
    • 18.3.25 Changes in release 3.21.8
    • 18.3.26 Changes in release 3.21.7
    • 18.3.27 Changes in release 3.21.6
    • 18.3.28 Changes in release 3.21.5
    • 18.3.29 Changes in release 3.21.4
    • 18.3.30 Changes in release 3.21.3
    • 18.3.31 Changes in release 3.21.2
    • 18.3.32 Changes in release 3.21.0
  • 18.4 Changes in release 3.20.x
    • 18.4.1 Changes in release 3.20.18
    • 18.4.2 Changes in release 3.20.17
    • 18.4.3 Changes in release 3.20.16
    • 18.4.4 Changes in release 3.20.15
    • 18.4.5 Changes in release 3.20.14
    • 18.4.6 Changes in release 3.20.13
    • 18.4.7 Changes in release 3.20.11
    • 18.4.8 Changes in release 3.20.10
    • 18.4.9 Changes in release 3.20.9
    • 18.4.10 Changes in release 3.20.8
    • 18.4.11 Changes in release 3.20.7
    • 18.4.12 Changes in release 3.20.6
    • 18.4.13 Changes in release 3.20.3
    • 18.4.14 Changes in release 3.20.0
  • 18.5 Changes in release 3.19.x
    • 18.5.1 Changes in release 3.19.5
    • 18.5.2 Changes in release 3.19.4
    • 18.5.3 Changes in release 3.19.3
• E Known errors and design deficiencies in MySQL
• F List of things we want to add to MySQL in the future.
  • 18.6 Things what has to be done in the real near future.
  • 18.7 Things that have to be done sometime.
  • 18.8 Some things we don't have any plans to do.
• G Comments on porting to other systems.
  • 18.9 Debugging MySQL
  • 18.10 Comments about RTS threads:
  • 18.11 What is the difference between different thread packages?
• H Description of MySQL regular expression syntax.
• I What is UNIREG ?
• J The MySQL server license
• SQL command, type and function index.
• Concept Index

This document was generated on 10 May 1998 using the texi2html translator version 1.52 (extended by davida@detron.se).