11-721: Grammars and Lexicons
Fall Term 2002
Some English rules and lexical entries

=========================================================
        Annotated Phrase Structure Rules

^ is up arrow.
| is down arrow.
=========================================================

Subject-Verb Agreement
Determiner-Noun Agreement
Nominative and accusative pronouns
Finite main verb
Completeness and Coherence  (Subcategorization)

========================================================


Rule 1:

S -->   NP              VP
     (^ SUBJ)=|         ^=|
     (| CASE) = nom    (^ VFORM) =c fin

----------------------------------------------------------

Rule 2:

VP -->  V   
       ^=| 

----------------------------------------------------------

Rule 3:

VP -->  V    NP
       ^=| (^ OBJ)=|
           (| CASE) = acc

---------------------------------------------------------

Rule 4:

VP -->  V    PP
       ^=|  (^(| CASE))=|

---------------------------------------------------------

Rule 5: 

VP -->  V    NP            PP
       ^=| (^ OBJ)=|       (^(| CASE))=|
           (| CASE) = acc

---------------------------------------------------------

Rule 5a: 

VP -->  V    NP              NP
       ^=| (^ OBJ)=|        (^ OBJ2) = |
           (| CASE) = acc
---------------------------------------------------------

Rule 6:

NP --> (DET)   N-1
       ^=|     ^=|

---------------------------------------------------------

Rule 7:

N-1 -->  N
        ^=|

---------------------------------------------------------

Rule 8:

PP -->  P     (NP)
       ^=|  (^ OBJ)=|
            (| CASE) = acc

=========================================================
                  Lexicon
=========================================================

a     DET
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ DEF) = -

--------------------------------------------------------

ate    V
(^ PRED) = `eat< SUBJ OBJ >'
(^ VFORM) = fin
(^ TENSE) = past

--------------------------------------------------------

ate    V

(^ PRED) = `eat< SUBJ >'
(^ VFORM) = fin
(^ TENSE) = past

--------------------------------------------------------

bag  N
(^ PRED) = `bag'
(^ PERS) = 3

--------------------------------------------------------

cat  N
(^ PRED) = `cat'
(^ PERS) = 3

-------------------------------------------------------

devour   V
(^ PRED) = `devour< SUBJ  OBJ >'

-------------------------------------------------------

doctor   N
(^ PRED) = doctor
(^ PERS) = 3

------------------------------------------------------

eat   V
(^ PRED) = `eat< SUBJ >'

-------------------------------------------------------

eat    V
(^ PRED) = `eat< SUBJ OBJ >'

-------------------------------------------------------

examine    V
(^ PRED) = `examine< SUBJ OBJ >'

--------------------------------------------------------

forest    N
(^ PRED) = `forest'

--------------------------------------------------------

go  V
(^ PRED) = `go< SUBJ >'

--------------------------------------------------------

go  V
(^ PRED) = `go< SUBJ OBL-goal>'

--------------------------------------------------------

hand  V
(^ PRED) = `hand< SUBJ  OBJ  OBL-goal>'

--------------------------------------------------------

hand  V
(^ PRED) = `hand< SUBJ  OBJ  OBJ2 >'

----------------------------------------------------------

he   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ CASE) = nom
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ GENDER) = masc

----------------------------------------------------------

her   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ CASE) = acc
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ GENDER) = fem

----------------------------------------------------------

him   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ CASE) = acc
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ GENDER) = masc

--------------------------------------------------------

house    N
(^ PRED) = `house'

----------------------------------------------------------

I   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ CASE) = nom
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 1

----------------------------------------------------------

in    P
(^ PRED) = `in < OBJ >'
(^ CASE) = OBL-loc

----------------------------------------------------------

it   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3

-----------------------------------------------------------

live  V
(^ PRED) = `live< SUBJ  OBL-loc >'

----------------------------------------------------------

Sam   N
(^ PRED) = `sam'
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3

---------------------------------------------------------

sandwich  N
(^ PRED) = sandwich
(^ PERS) = 3

--------------------------------------------------------

saw    V
(^ PRED) = `see< SUBJ OBJ >'
(^ VFORM) = fin
(^ TENSE) = past

--------------------------------------------------------

see    V
(^ PRED) = `see< SUBJ OBJ >'

----------------------------------------------------------

she   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ CASE) = nom
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ GENDER) = fem

--------------------------------------------------------

that    N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ PROX) = far

--------------------------------------------------------

that   DET
(^ DEF) = +
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PROX) = far

--------------------------------------------------------

the   DET
(^ DEF) = +

-------------------------------------------------------

this   DET
(^ DEF) = +
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PROX) = near

--------------------------------------------------------

this   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ PROX) = near

--------------------------------------------------------

them   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ NUM) = pl
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ CASE) = acc

--------------------------------------------------------

these   DET
(^ DEF) = +
(^ NUM) = pl
(^ PROX) = near

--------------------------------------------------------

these  N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ NUM) = pl
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ PROX) = near

--------------------------------------------------------

they   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ NUM) = pl
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ CASE) = nom

--------------------------------------------------------

those   DET
(^ DEF) = +
(^ NUM) = pl
(^ PROX) = far

--------------------------------------------------------

those   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ PERS) = 3
(^ NUM) = sg
(^ PROX) = far

--------------------------------------------------------

to   P
(^ PRED) = `to< OBJ >'
(^ CASE) = OBL-goal

--------------------------------------------------------

us   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ PERS) = 1
(^ NUM) = pl
(^ CASE) = acc

--------------------------------------------------------

we   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ PERS) = 1
(^ NUM) = pl
(^ CASE) = nom

-------------------------------------------------------

went  V
(^ PRED) = `go < SUBJ >'
(^ TENSE) = past
(^ VFORM) = fin

-------------------------------------------------------

went   V
(^ PRED) = `go< SUBJ OBL-goal>'
(^ TENSE) = pasat
(^ VFORM) = fin

-------------------------------------------------------

you   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ PERS) = 2
(^ NUM) = sg

-------------------------------------------------------

you   N
(^ PRED) = `pro'
(^ PERS) = 2
(^ NUM) = pl

=========================================================
Suffixes
=========================================================

null suffix for nouns
(^ NUM) = sg

---------------------------------------------------------

-s  for nouns
(^ NUM) = pl

---------------------------------------------------------

null suffix for verbs
(^ TENSE) = pres
{(^ SUBJ NUM) ~= sg | (^ SUBJ PERS) ~= 3}
(^ VFORM) = fin

----------------------------------------------------------

null suffix for verbs
(^ VFORM) = inf

----------------------------------------------------------

-s suffix for verbs
(^ SUBJ NUM) = sg
(^ SUBJ PERS) = 3
(^ TENSE) = pres
(^ VFORM) = fin

----------------------------------------------------------

-ed suffix for verbs
(^ TENSE) = past
(^ VFORM) = fin

----------------------------------------------------------