;;; Sun Nov 18 13:44:57 1990 by Mark Kantrowitz ;;; frame-systems.text ;;; **************************************************************** ;;; Frame Systems ************************************************** ;;; **************************************************************** ;;; This file lists a variety of well-known frame knowledge representation ;;; languages and systems. ;;; ******************************** ;;; Publicly Available Frame Systems ;;; ******************************** ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: FrameWork Description: Your basic frame system, with lots of bells and whistles. Generic demons. Listener. Frame object database maintenance. Availability: anonymous ftp from a.gp.cs.cmu.edu in /usr/mkant/Public/ Fee: None. Licensing: See file COPYING. May be freely redistributed, but not sold. Documentation: In source file. Runs in: Any Common Lisp. Contact: Mark Kantrowitz, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 mkant+@cs.cmu.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: THEO Description: Frame-based representation, with Lisp and Prolog inference methods, and several user-invokable learning methods Availability: For nonprofit research, with no right to redistribute Fee: None. Licensing: Potential users must complete a licensing agreement form before the code is distributed. Runs in: Common Lisp (tested in Lucid and Allegro) Graphical Interface available under X-windows. References: "Theo: A Framework for Self-Improving Systems", Tom M. Mitchell, John Allen, Prasad Chalasani, John Cheng, Oren Etzioni, Marc N. Ringuette, Jeffrey C. Schlimmer, in "Architectures for Intelligence", K. Vanlehn (ed.), Erlbaum, 1990, Hillsdale NJ. Contact: Professor Tom Mitchell, School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Tom.Mitchell@cs.cmu.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: FRAMEKIT Description: A Frame-Based Knowledge Representation System Common Lisp source code and 34pp User's Guide Functionality: Frames, Slots, Facets, Views, Fillers; Demons; Breadth-First, Depth-First and Exhaustive Inheritance; User-Defined Inheritance; Default Values; Restrictions; Abstract Data-Typing (to permit any low-level storage scheme); Save Utility; and more Availability: For non-profit research only, unlimited on-site use, with no right to re-distribute for profit or otherwise Fee: None, if distributed for non-profit research (commercial use of FrameKit must be negotiated under separate terms) Licensing: Potential users must complete a licensing agreement form before the code is distributed Support: Strictly unofficial, although we do try to fix bugs that are reported to us; licensed users have access to major revisions of the system Version: 3.0 Runs In: Common Lisp Format: 5.5" DOS format floppy or 3.5" Mac disk free of charge; other formats can be arranged at nominal cost References: Nyberg, E. (1988). "The FrameKit User's Guide: Version 2.0", Technical Memo, Center for Machine Translation, Carnegie Mellon University, CMU-CMT-88-MEMO. FrameKit has been used in several applications within CMU and elsewhere. Contact Eric Nyberg (address below) if you're interested in additional references. Contact: Eric Nyberg, Center for Machine Translation Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ehn+@cs.cmu.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: KR Features: Nested schemas, a simple constraint systems, multiple inheritance, fairly efficient slot access. Contact: Brad.Myers@cs.cmu.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: PARMENIDES (Frulekit) Features: Integrated rule system, cached values, efficient frame creation and slot access. Availability: For nonprofit research, with no right to redistribute Fee: None unless if it is to be used for commercial purposes Licensing: Potential users must complete a licensing agreement form before the code is distributed Runs in: Common Lisp Contact: Peter Shell, School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 pshell@cs.cmu.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: FROBS Description: Object-oriented Frame Language Availability: Publicly available cs.utah.edu:/pub Fee: None Licensing: None, but may not be used for commercial applications. Runs In: Common Lisp Documentation: Online documentation for Lucid CommonLisp in the file lorraine.loria.fr:/doc/frobs-doc.l.Z written by Norbert Glasser References: Muehle, E., Kessler, R., Krohnfeldt, J., "Efficient Structures for Knowledge-based Applications", University of Utah TR-87-03, Presented at 1987 Rocky Mountain Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Muehle, E., "FROBS User Guide", University of Utah PASS Project OpNote 87-05. Krohnfeldt, J., Steury, C., "Frolic: Logic Programming with Frobs", University of Utah PASS Project OpNote 86-08. Contact: Robert Kessler, Computer Science Department University of Utah kessler@cs.utah.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: PFC Description: Simple frame system for educational use. References: Finin, Tim, ``Understanding Frame Languages'', AI Expert, November, 1986. Finin, Tim, ``Implementing PFL'', AI Expert, December, 1986. Available: by anonymous FTP from linc.cis.upenn.edu Contact: Tim Finin ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Beef Features: Compact, portable. Object-oriented programming. Frames slots and values. Daemons. User defined relations enable (dynamic) inheritance to be customized on a slot-to-slot basis. Parallel and nested versions of the frame universe can be maintained using a context mechanism called "worlds". Runs In: Common Lisp (tested in MACL, KCL, Symbolics CL, Sun Common Lisp and Franz Allegro Common Lisp) Available: by anonymous FTP Contact: Ora Lassila, Laboratory of Information Processing Science Helsinki University of Technology, Otakaari 1 02150 ESPOO, FINLAND ora@hutcs.hut.fi ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: OPS Description: Interpreter for Ops5, a programming language for production systems. Author: Charles L. Forgy. Ported to Common lisp by George Wood and Jim Kowalski. CMU Common Lisp mods by Dario Guise, Skef Wholey, and Dan Kuokka. Copyright Status: Public domain. Documentation: The OPS5 User's Manual, July 1981, by Forgy, CMU CSD. Maintainer: CMU Common Lisp Group. slisp-group@b.gp.cs.cmu.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: YAK Description: Hybrid knowledge-representation system of the KL-ONE family. TBox with sound, complete and tractable algorithms; procedural attachment; object oriented ABox; contexts; viewpoints and belief representation; reasoning about sets and time; compositional query language with typed variables. YAK is the main KR module of a large NL architecture (AlFresco). Licensing: Free licence for both academic and not academic sites. Runs in: Common Lisp. An optional graphical interface is available for Xerox Medley Common Lisp -- featuring display and browsing capabilities, Macintosh Common Lisp, KCL, Allegro and Lucid CL under Xwindows -- featuring display only. Contact: Enrico Franconi IRST, Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica I-38050 Povo TN, ITALY. Phone: +39 (461) 814-433 - Fax: 810-851 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;;; ******************************** ;;; Other Frame Systems ************ ;;; ******************************** KRL Bobrow, D.G., and Winograd, T., 1977, An overview of KRL, a Knowledge Representation Language, Cognitive Science 1(1):3-46 ... 1979, KRL: Another Perspective, Cognitive Science 3(1):29-42. FRL Roberts, R.B., and Goldstein, Ira P., June 1977, The FRL Manual, MIT AI Lab Tech Report #409. ... The FRL Primer, July 1977, MIT AI Lab Tech Report #408. RLL Greiner, R., and Lenat, D.B., 1980, A Representation Language Language. In Proceedings of AAAI-80. pp 165-169, Stanford CA. KL-ONE Brachman, R.J., 1979, On the epistemological status of semantic networks, in Associative Networks, N.V. Findler (ed.), Academic Press, New York. Also BBN TR 3807 April 1978. ... and J. Schmolze, 1985. An overview of the KL-One Knowledge Representation System, Cognitive Science 9(2). KRYPTON Brachman, R.J., Gilbert, V.P., and Levesque, H.J., 1985, An essential hybrid reasoning system: Knowledge and symbol level accounts of KRYPTON. In Proceedings IJCAI-85. Brachman, R.J., R.E. Fikes and H.J. Levesque, October 1983 "KRYPTON: A Functional Approach to Knowledge Representation", IEEE Computer 16(10):67-73 October 1983. NIKL Kaczmarek, T., Bates, R., Robbins, G., 1986, Recent Developments in NIKL. In Proceedings, AAAI-86. 978-985, Philadelphia PA August 1986. CYCL Lenat, D.B., and Guba, R.V., 1990, Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems, Addison-Wesley. Conceptual Graphs Sowa, J.F., 1984, Conceptual Structures, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. ;;; ******************************** ;;; Miscellaneous Frame References * ;;; ******************************** Bobrow, D.G. and M. Stefik, "The LOOPS Manual," Xerox PARC, 1983. Bobrow, D. G., Kahn, K., Kiczales, G., Masinter, L., Stefik, M. J., and Zdybel, F., "CommonLoops: Merging Lisp and Object-Oriented Prograamming," ACM OOPSLA Conference, pp. 17-29, 1986. Bobrow, Daniel G., RM Kaplan, M Kay, DA Norman, H Thompson, and T Winograd (1977), "GUS, A Frame-driven Dialog System", Artificial Intelligence, 8(2):155-173, April 1977. Bobrow, Daniel G., "The Common LISP Object System: An Example of Integrating Programming Paradigms," in Exploring Artificial Intelligence, Howard Shrobe and the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, eds., Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California, 1988. Brachman R.J. "What IS-A Is and Isn't: An Analysis of Taxonomic Links in Semantic Nets" IEEE Computer, October 1983, vol 16, No. 10, pp66-73 Brachman R.J. "I Lied About the Trees", or Defaults and Definitions in Knowledge Representations. The AI Magazine, Fall 1985, pp80-85. Charniak, Eugene, 1978 "On the Use of Framed Knowledge in Language Comprehension", Artificial Intelligence 11(3):225-266, December 1978. Enrico Franconi. The YAK (Yet Another Krapfen) manual. IRST - Manual 9003-01, Trento, Italy (1990). Also as Progetto Finalizzato CNR 'Sist. Informatici e Calcolo Parallelo' report 7/30 (1990) Enrico Franconi. Extending Hybridity within the YAK Knowledge Representation System. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Terminological Logics, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany. IBM/IWBS Report 184, Stuttgart (1991) Enrico Franconi. A short presentation of YAK, a Hybrid Knowledge Representation System. In Proceedings of the Terminological Logic Users Workshop, Berlin. KIT-Report 95, Department of Computer Science, TU Berlin, Germany (1991) Roldano Cattoni and Enrico Franconi. Walking through the Semantics of Frame-Based Description Languages: a case study. In Z.W. Ras, M. Zemankova, M.L. Emrich (eds.), Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, 5, North-Holland (1990) Enrico Franconi, Bernardo Magnini and Oliviero Stock. Prototypes in a Hybrid Language with Primitive Descriptions. Computer & Mathematics with Applications, special issue: Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 23 (part a) Number 6-9, Pages 543-556, Pergamon Press (1992) Minsky, Marvin, "A Framework for Representing Knowledge", The Psychology of Human Vision, Winston P.H.(ed) McGraw Hill, 1975. pp211-277. Russinoff, David M., "Proteus: A Frame-Based Nonmonotonic Inference System," in Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and Applications, W. Kim and F. Lochovsky, eds., Addison-Wesley, 1989. (MCC) Stefik, Mark and Daniel G. Bobrow, "Object-Oriented Programming: Themes and Variations," AI Magazine, Winter 1985.