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[Paper Reading]A Bit of Progress in Language Modeling

  • Smoothing
    • Simple interpolation
      Pinterpolate(w|wi2wi1)=λPtrigram(w|wi2wi1)+(1λ)(μPbigram(w|wi1)+(1μ)Punigram(w))
    • Katz smoothing
      • Based on Good-Turing formula, if count > 0
        nristhefrequencyoffrequency
      • back off, otherwise
    • Backoff Kneser-Ney smoothing
    • Interpolated Kneser-Ney smoothing
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