The common ratio effect is another failure of the theory to cope with humans, similar to the common consequence effect. Let: X={3*10^3} Px={1} Y={4*10^3,0} Py={.8,.2} X'={3*10^3,0} Px'={.25,.75} Y'={4*10^3,0} Py'={.2,.8} You should choose X,X' or Y,Y' but this is often violated.