Curriculum
Vitae: Scott E. Fahlman
Professor Emeritus RESEARCH INTERESTS
Artificial Intelligence and
its applications, especially knowledge representation and reasoning,
planning, natural language understanding and generation. Machine learning, including knowledge-based
symbolic/conceptual learning and deep learning in artificial neural networks.
Formerly worked on languages
and programming environments for evolutionary development of complex software
systems, especially languages of the Lisp family. EDUCATION
Ph.D. in Artificial
Intelligence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1977. Dissertation
in the M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory under Professor Gerald
J. Sussman: "NETL: A System for Representing and Using Real-World
Knowledge". M.S. in Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1973.
Master's thesis under Professor Patrick H. Winston: "A Planning System
for Robot Construction Tasks". B.S. in Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1973. EMPLOYMENT
July 1978-Present: Carnegie Mellon University.
Professor Emeritus since 2017; Research Professor of Computer Science since
1994; Research Associate Professor, 1984-1994; Research Assistant
Professor 1978-1984. July 2000- April 2003: Research Staff Member,
IBM T.J.Watson Research Center. (On leave from CMU.) May 1996-July 2000: Justsystem Pittsburgh Research
Center, Pittsburgh PA. President and Chief Technical Officer. (On partial leave from CMU.) September 1977–June 1978: N. E. Berg Company,
Bedford NH. Consultant, developing software for document production and
a specialized operating system. CAREER HIGHLIGHTS
Developed the BUILD program
(Master's thesis at MIT), one of the first planning programs to implement
plan modification and failure-directed backtracking. Developed the NETL knowledge
representation system (Ph.D. thesis at MIT), which stored real-world, common-sense
knowledge in a massively parallel network of simple hardware elements and
links. This "data-parallel" approach made it possible to
perform human-like inference and retrieval tasks very quickly and
flexibly. NETL was a precursor of data-parallel computers (as in the
Connection Machine) and "connectionist" approaches to Artificial
Intelligence. Member of the 5-person core
design team for the Common Lisp programming language. Moderator for
internet-based design discussions involving dozens of major contributors. Head of the CMU Common Lisp
project, which produced a widely used free implementation of Common
Lisp. At its peak, CMU CL was used by at least 10 companies as the
basis for their own Common Lisp implementations. The CMU CL compiler
set a new standard of performance for languages of the Lisp family. Developed a number of learning
algorithms for artificial neural networks, including Quickprop,
Cascade-Correlation, and Recurrent Cascade-Correlation. These
algorithms typically learn desired behaviors10 to 100 times faster than
previous algorithms. Principal Investigator for the
"Automated Interactive Microscope" (AIM) project, whose goal was to
couple high-performance computing to advanced light microscopes for real-time
processing of biomedical images. Head of the Gwydion Project at
Carnegie Mellon. This project worked with Apple Computer to define the
Dylan programming language and developed two public-domain implementations of
Dylan. We also developed an advanced software development environment
for the Java language. As President and CTO of
Justystem Pittsburgh Research Center, created a well-regarded computer
science research lab near the Carnegie Mellon campus. In 2 years, built
up the lab from initial conception to 25 full-time researchers. Overall manager and system
architect during the first phase of the RADAR Project in Carnegie Mellon’s
School of Computer Science. This was a large (25+ faculty) research
effort whose goal was to build a software “cognitive assistant” to help busy
managers, making extensive use of AI and machine learning techniques.
Subsequently led the knowledge representation research effort on RADAR. Developed the Scone
Knowledge-Base system, based in part on ideas from my earlier NETL work, but
optimized to run well on standard workstations. HONORS
Fellow of the American
Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). 2013 Outstanding Technology
Contributions Award, Web Intelligence Consortium. PUBLICATIONS
Sagae, A. and Fahlman, S.E.
(2015) "Image Retrieval with Textual Label Similarity
Features", Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance, and Management 2015,
pages 1-13, John Wiley & Sons. Sagae, A. and Fahlman, S.E.
(2013) “Knowledge Resource Development for Identifying Matching Image
Descriptions.” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on
Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development (KEOD 2013). Fahlman, S.E. (2012), “Beyond
Idiot-Savant AI” in Advances in
Cognitive Systems 1, pages 15-22. Santofimia, M. J., S.E.
Fahlman, F. Moya, and J.C. López (2011), "A
semantic model for actions and events in ambient intelligence", Engineering
Applications of Artificial Intelligence 24,
pages 1432–1445. Fahlman, S. E. (2011), “Using Scone’s multiple-context mechanism to emulate
human-like reasoning”, Proceedings
of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Advances in Cognitive Systems. Santofimia, M. J., S.E.
Fahlman, F. Moya, and J.C. López (2010), “A Common-Sense Planning Strategy
for Ambient Intelligence”, 14th International Conference on
Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (KES
2010), Cardiff, Wales, UK. Shultz, T.R. and S.E. Fahlman,
S.E. (2010), “Cascade-Correlation”, chapter in Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, C. Sammut
and G. Webb (eds.), Springer-Verlag. Tribble, A. and S.E. Fahlman
(2007), "CMU-AT: Semantic Distance and Background Knowledge for
Identifying Semantic Relations" Proceedings of SemEval-2007: 4th
International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations. Prague, Czech Republic, July
2007. Fahlman, S. E.(2006),
"Marker-Passing Inference in the Scone Knowledge-Base System",
First International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and
Management (KSEM'06), Guilin, China, August 2006. Proceedings published
by and copyright by Springer-Verlag (Lecture Notes in AI). Tribble, A., B. Lambert, and
S.E. Fahlman (2006), "SconeEdit:
a Text-Guided Domain Knowledge Editor", (demo) HLT-NAACL 2006 Conference, New York, June
2006. Tribble, A. and S. E. Fahlman
(2006), "Resolving Noun Compounds with Multi-Use Domain Knowledge",
FLAIRS 2006 conference, Melbourne Beach FL, May 2006. Fahlman, S. E. (2002),
“Selling interrupt rights: a way to control unwanted E-mail and telephone
calls”, IBM Systems Journal, Volume 41, Number 4, 2002, pages 759-766, November
2002. Fahlman, S. E., G. L. Steele
Jr., H. Shrobe, B. Stroustrup,
and C. A. Knoblock (1996), "The Future of
Lisp" in IEEE Expert, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 10-16, Feb. 1996. Taylor, D.L., L.D. Harris,
R. DeBiasio,
S.E. Fahlman, D.L. Farkas,
F. Lanni, M. Nederlof and
A.H. Gough (1996), "Automated Interactive Microscopy: Measuring and
Manipulating the Chemical and Molecular Dynamics of Cells and Tissues",
in Proceedings of the Conference on Functional Imaging and Optical
Manipulation of Living Cells, SPIE Proc. v.2678. Baluja, S. and S. E. Fahlman (1994),
"Reducing Network Depth in the Cascade-Correlation Learning
Architecture", Tech Report CMU-CS-94-209, School of Computer Science,
Carnegie Mellon University. Wah, B. W., S. E. Fahlman, and
22 co-authors (1993), "Report on Workshop on High Performance Computing
and Communications for Grand Challenge Applications: Computer Vision, Speech
and Natural Language Processing, and Artificial Intelligence" in IEEE
Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 1, February
1993. Hoehfeld, M. and S. E. Fahlman
(1992) "Probabilistic rounding in neural Network Learning with limited
precision" in Neurocomputing 4 (1992) pp. 291-299, Elsevier Science
Publishers. Hoehfeld, M. and S. E. Fahlman (1992)
"Learning with Limited Numerical Precision Using the Cascade-Correlation
Learning Algorithm", in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol.
3, no. 4, pp. 602-611, July 1992. Fahlman, S. E.
(1991) "The Recurrent Cascade-Correlation Architecture" in Advances
in Neural Information Processing Systems 3, D. S. Touretzky
(ed.), Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos CA, pp. 190-196. Fahlman, S. E. and D. B.
McDonald (1990) "Design Considerations for CMU Common Lisp" by
Scott E. Fahlman and David B. McDonald, in Peter Lee (ed.) Advanced
Language Implementation Techniques, Springer-Verlag. Fahlman, S. E. and C.
Lebiere (1990) "The Cascade-Correlation Learning Architecture" in
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2, D. S. Touretzky (ed.), Morgan-Kaufmann, Los Altos CA, 1990,
pp. 524-532. Reprinted in Artificial Neural Networks: Concepts and
Theory, P. Mehra and B. W. Wah (eds.), IEEE
Computer Society Press, 1992. Fahlman, S. E.
(1990) "What Can Massively Parallel Architectures Bring to AI?"
Proceedings of 2nd Australian Joint Artificial Intelligence Conference,
C. J. Barter and M. J. Brooks (eds.), Springer Verlag (Lecture
Notes in AI Series). Fahlman, S. E. (1989)
"Distributed Connectionist Systems for AI: Prospects and Problems"
by Scott E. Fahlman, in Concepts and Characteristics of Knowledge-Based
Systems, M. Tokoro, Y. Anzai,
and A.Yonezawa (eds.), North-Holland Publishers. Fahlman, S. E.
(1988) "Faster-Learning Variations on Back-Propagation: An Empirical
Study" in Proceedings, 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School,
Morgan-Kaufmann, Los Altos CA. Fahlman, S. E.
(1987) "Common Lisp" in Annual Review of Computer Science, Volume
2, 1987, Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA. Fahlman, S. E. and
G. E. Hinton (1987) "Connectionist Architectures for
Artificial Intelligence" in IEEE Computer, Vol. 20, number 1, January,
1987. Reprinted in Computers for Artificial Intelligence Processing
B. W. Wah and C. V. Ramamoorthy
(eds.), Wiley-Interscience, 1990. Also
reprinted in Knowledge-Based Systems: Fundamentals and Tools, O. N. Garcia
and Y. T. Chien (eds.), IEEE Computer Society
Press, 1991). Fahlman, S. E.
(1988) "Parallel Processing in Artificial Intelligence" (full
paper) in "Parallel Computation and Computers for Artificial
Intelligence", J. S. Kowalik (editor), Kluwer
Academic Publishers. Fahlman, S. E.
(1985) "Parallel Processing in Artificial Intelligence" (extended
abstract) in Parallel Processing 2, North-Holland Publishers. Wholey, J. S. and
S. E. Fahlman (1984) "Design of an Instruction Set for
Common Lisp" in Proceedings of 1984 ACM Conference on Lisp and
Applicative Programming, Austin, Texas. Major contributor to Steele,
G. L. Jr. (1984) Common Lisp: The Language, Digital Press. Fahlman, S. E. and S. P.
Harbison (1984) "The Spice Project" in Interactive Programming
Environments, Barstow, Sandewall, and Shrobe (eds.), McGraw-Hill, 1984. Fahlman,
S. E., G. E. Hinton,
and T. J. Sejnowski (1983) "Massively Parallel Architectures for AI: NETL,
Thistle, and Boltzmann Machines" in Proceedings of the AAAI-83
Conference, Morgan-Kaufmann, Los Altos CA. Reprinted in Computers for AI
Applications, B. Wah and G. J. Li (eds.), IEEE Computer Society Press, 1986. Fahlman, S. E.
(1982) "Three Flavors of Parallelism", Proceedings of the Fourth
National Conference, Canadian Society for Studies of Intelligence, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan. Fahlman,
S. E., D. S. Touretzky, and W. van Roggen (1981) "Cancellation in a Parallel
Semantic Network" Proceedings of IJCAI-81, Vancouver, British Columbia. Fahlman, S. E. (1981)
"Computing Facilities for AI: A Survey of Present and Near-Future
Options", AI Magazine, March 1981. Reprinted in Computers for AI
Applications, B. Wah and G. J. Li (eds.), IEEE Computer Society Press,
1986. Also reprinted in Readings from the AI Magazine, R. Engelmore (ed.), AAAI Press, 1988. Fahlman, S. E. (1981)
"Representing Implicit Knowledge" in Parallel Models of Associative
Memory, G. E. Hinton and J. A. Anderson (eds.), Erlbaum
Associates, Hillsdale NJ. Fahlman, S. E. (1980)
"Design Sketch for a Million-Element NETL Machine", Proceedings of
AAAI-80 Conference, Morgan-Kaufmann, Los Altos CA. Reprinted in Computers for
AI Applications, B. Wah and G. J. Li (eds.), IEEE Computer Society Press,
1986. Fahlman, S. E. (1980)
"The Hashnet Interconnection Scheme",
Technical Report, CMU Computer Science Department. Fahlman, S. E. (1979) NETL: A
System for Representing and Using Real-World Knowledge, MIT Press, Cambridge
MA. Fahlman, S. E. (1974) "A
Planning System for Robot Construction Tasks", Artificial Intelligence 5
(1974), 1-49. Reprinted in Tutorial on Robotics, 2nd Edition, C.
S. G. Lee, R. C. Gonzalez, and K. S. Fu (eds.), IEEE
Computer Society Press, 1986. SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
CMU Common Lisp. A
complete, high-performance, public-domain implementation of Common Lisp with
compiler, Hemlock text editor, and extensive programming environment.
Represents about 35 person-years of effort.
CMU CL and a spinoff, Steel Bank Common Lisp, are still active
open-source projects. Widely used public-domain
implementations of the Quickprop, Cascade-Correlation, and Recurrent
Cascade-Correlation learning algorithms for neural networks. The CMU Benchmark Collection
of benchmark problems for neural-net learning algorithms. Gwydion Dylan. Two
implementations of the Dylan programming language. "Mindy" is a
very flexible and portable byte-coded implementation, but rather slow.
The "d2c" compiler produces much faster code, but is less portable. Sheets. An advanced
software development environment for Java based on the "hypercode" concept. In order to facilitate
ongoing development of a software system, we must retain all kinds of
knowledge about a software system, including code, structured documents, and
the links between them. The Scone Knowledge-Base
System. An open-source release of the Scone system for representing and using
real-world knowledge, including a number of “core” collections of common-sense
knowledge and some small example applications. This software is written in
Common Lisp, and a snapshot release is available on GitHub. PATENTS:
US Patent #5960080,
"Method for transforming messages containing sensitive
information", Scott E. Fahlman, Rahul Sukthankar,
Antoine Brusseau. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: Co-Organizer of workshops on “Learning
Network Architecture During Training” at AAAI-2021 and at AAAI-2022. This is related to my work on the Cascade
Correlation algorithm. Keynote Speaker on
"Scientific and Artistic Creativity", Regional Arts Education Day,
Arts Education Collaborative, Pittsburgh, 2014. Member of the Coordinating
Committee, World Communications Forum Davos, 2014-2015. Keynote Speaker, World
Communications Forum Davos, 2014. Keynote Speaker and Workshop
Organizer, IEEE Conference on Web Intelligence/Intelligent Agent Technology
2013. Member of the editorial board
for Advances in Cognitive Systems
online journal 2012-2013. Associate editor for the
journal Neural Computation (1993-1998). Member of the editorial board
for the journal Neurocomputing (1996-1998). Member, DARPA Software
Research Review Panel (1995). Member of Scientific Panel for
Basics of Information Technology, Siemens Corporation Central Research Laboratories,
Munich, 1984 - 1987. Consultant for the same laboratory, 1987-1994. Member of the editorial board,
AAAI Press (1990-1994). Program co-chair for Algorithms
and Architectures, 1993 and 1994 Neural Information Processing Systems
Conference. Member of the editorial board
of IEEE Computer (1988-1992). Keynote speaker twice at
Australian National AI Conference: 1988 (Adelaide) and 1992 (Hobart). Workshop leader at 1989, 1990,
1991, 1992 NIPS conferences. Invited participant, NSF
Workshop on Grand Challenges in AI (Washington DC, 1992). Keynote speaker at 53rd Annual
Conference of the Association of Business Professors (Linz, Austria, 1991). Invited panelist, Japanese
Science Foundation, Science and Technology Forum '90 (Tsukuba, Japan, 1990). Keynote speaker at 4th IEEE
Conference on AI Applications (San Diego, 1988). Invited speaker, British
Computer Society (London, 1988). Member of X3J13 committee for the
official standardization of Common Lisp, 1986 - 1988. Lecturer at 1986 and 1988
Connectionist Models Summer School. Invited participant/speaker,
IFIP Workshop on Concepts and Characteristics of Knowledge-Based Systems (Gotemba, Japan, 1987). Consultant (formerly) for Intel
Corporation, Justsystem Corporation, Fostin Capital
Associates, Digital Equipment Corporation, Lucid Inc, Data General, Xerox,
IBM, Perq Systems, Expert Technologies Inc.,
Control Data Corporation, Carnegie Group, Texas Instruments, Topologix, Cable Howse & Cozadd, Warburg-Pincus Ventures. Frequent reviewer for NSF
funding proposals, major AI journals and conferences. Member of the Association for
Computing Machinery and the Association for
the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). PERSONAL
U.S. citizen. Hobbies include digital photography,
cooking, and writing. |