Suppose a gardener with an interest in machine learning wants to grow prize-winning flowers. She's kept records of her past attempts: what fertilizers she used, how much she watered the seedlings, the temperature of the greenhouse, what height the flowers grew to, how brightly colored they were.
The gardener decides to use EYE to help her. She has several new plant regimens in mind, and wants EYE to predict how well each one will perform. She's also curious to see what regimen EYE itself will recommend if she asks it to maximize the brightness of the flowers, subject to the constraint that the flowers must be at least thirty centimeters in height.