Bill Richardson

thank you for that kind introduct __PUNCT__

in the __NUM___centuri __PUNCT__ nuclear deterr work __PUNCT__

in the __NUM__ centuri __PUNCT__ it won't __PUNCT__

mutual assur destruct deter the soviet_union __PUNCT__ but noth will stop suicid jihadist from us a nuclear_bomb if thei get their hand on on __PUNCT__

if al_qaeda obtain nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__ thei could smuggl them into american_citi __PUNCT__ and thei would not hesit to us them with the same ruthless that allow them to fly airplan fill with peopl into build fill with peopl __PUNCT__

we know that al_qaeda want nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__

we also know that pakistan a.q __PUNCT__

khan sold nuclear materi to rogu_state __PUNCT__

we know that part of the former soviet nuclear_arsen still ar not secur __PUNCT__ and that there ar poorli __PUNCT__ secur nuclear materi around the world __PUNCT__

the prolifer of nuclear_weapon to new countri __PUNCT__ abov all to north_korea and pakistan __PUNCT__ ha increas further the opportun for jihadist to obtain them __PUNCT__ as ha the diffus of nuclear_energi energi_technolog that can be convert to weapon_program __PUNCT__

iran __PUNCT__ a nation with close_ti to the world most skill terrorist_organ __PUNCT__ hezbollah __PUNCT__ mai be on the verg of enter the nuclear club __PUNCT__

and al_qaeda ha said that thei wish to kill___NUM__ __NUM___million_american __PUNCT__ includ___NUM__ __NUM___million million_children __PUNCT__

in their mad __PUNCT__ thei claim that such a slaughter of innoc would __PUNCT__ balanc the scale of justic __PUNCT__ for crime that thei alleg we have commit against muslim __PUNCT__

we would be mad not to take them at their word __PUNCT__

you mai have heard me speak elsewher about the need for what i call a __PUNCT__ new realism __PUNCT__ in american_foreign_polici __PUNCT__

by thi i mean that we need to wake up and see that the greatest_threat we face_todai __PUNCT__ from global_warm to terror __PUNCT__ do not face onli us __PUNCT__ and that thi mean that unilater action usual will not work __PUNCT__

to defend ourselv in the __NUM___centuri __PUNCT__ we mai occasion need to act alon __PUNCT__ but usual we must work with other __PUNCT__

build and lead strong intern coalit should be our first thought when we face common challeng __PUNCT__ not an afterthought when our unilater cours ha fail __PUNCT__

a new realism for the __NUM__ centuri also understand that mani threat todai come not from state __PUNCT__ but rather from societi __PUNCT__ includ our own societi __PUNCT__

not from armi mass or nation_state target us with missil __PUNCT__ but rather from complex social trend __PUNCT__ such as our own consumpt of fossil_fuel __PUNCT__

not so much from hostil state as from hostil individu __PUNCT__ empow by their willing to kill and die for fanat belief __PUNCT__

of cours __PUNCT__ we must rebuild our militari and be prepar to us it when we must __PUNCT__ but we also must reject the unilateralist illus of recent_year __PUNCT__

our remark militari_power give us the abil to lead __PUNCT__

but other follow us not becaus we intimid them with the argument of our power __PUNCT__ but becaus we inspir them with the power of our argument __PUNCT__

defend ourselv from new danger requir new think __PUNCT__ new strategi and new tactic __PUNCT__

we need to adapt our idea about nation_secur to an ag in which the nuclear threat come not from a missil __PUNCT__ but from a suitcas or a cargo hull __PUNCT__

not from a nation __PUNCT__ which can be deter by the threat of retali __PUNCT__ but from a shadowi terrorist network with no return address __PUNCT__

that a small_group of stateless terrorist could destroi new york or washington with a black __PUNCT__ market nuclear_bomb epitom just how much the world ha chang __PUNCT__ and how urgent it is that we lead other nation with a comprehens global plan to lock down all of the world fission materi __PUNCT__

quickli __PUNCT__

befor terrorist get their hand on a nuclear bomb __PUNCT__

and i would add anoth point __PUNCT__ meet the challeng of nuclear terror is not just a nation_secur imper for the unit_state __PUNCT__ it also is a moral_imper __PUNCT__

we creat the first atom_bomb __PUNCT__ becaus we fear that hitler would get them first __PUNCT__

we ar the onli countri that ever ha us them __PUNCT__ to end world_war_ii __PUNCT__

dure the cold_war __PUNCT__ we and the soviet built enough thermonuclear weapon to destroi all human_life on the planet sever time over __PUNCT__

for six decad __PUNCT__ all of human ha live with the knowledg that everyth we know could end in a flash of light __PUNCT__

america led the world into the ag of nuclear fear becaus we were compel to do so by totalitarian enemi __PUNCT__

we now have the urgent moral duti to lead the world out of the ag of nuclear fear __PUNCT__ iron becaus we confront a veri new and differ kind of totalitarian enemi __PUNCT__

i wa energi secretari under presid_clinton __PUNCT__

my depart wa respons for the design __PUNCT__ manufactur and mainten of our stockpil of nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__

these weapon ar not abstract to me __PUNCT__ to see on of them is to be astound that million of death can be compress into such a tini packag __PUNCT__

to know intim our nuclear_arsen is to know intim how our speci could destroi itself __PUNCT__

sam nunn put it succinctli __PUNCT__ at the dawn of a new centuri __PUNCT__ we find ourselv in a new arm_race __PUNCT__

terrorist ar race to get weapon of mass_destruct __PUNCT__ we ought to be race to stop them __PUNCT__

thi is an existenti problem __PUNCT__

it is urgent __PUNCT__

we need to free human from the threat of nuclear destruct __PUNCT__

the unit_state cannot do thi alon __PUNCT__

but it certainli cannot be done without american leadership __PUNCT__

i believ that if we give thi matter the attent it deserv __PUNCT__ we can prevent a nuclear __NUM__ __PUNCT__

the reason i am optimist is becaus there is a finit amount of fission materi in the world __PUNCT__ and make it is well beyond the capabl of terrorist_group __PUNCT__

therefor __PUNCT__ if we lock down all the nuclear_weapon and bomb __PUNCT__ grade materi which exist __PUNCT__ and also make sure that all futur nuclear_fuel and spent __PUNCT__ fuel is secur __PUNCT__ we can prevent what former assist_secretari of defens graham allison ha call __PUNCT__ the ultim prevent catastroph __PUNCT__

secur all the world nuke will be a huge task __PUNCT__ but not an imposs on __PUNCT__

a lot of good_thing alreadi have been done __PUNCT__

the __NUM__ nunn __PUNCT__ lugar cooper threat program ha deactiv and destroi hundr of missil and thousand of warhead __PUNCT__ and ha improv secur for much of the former soviet arsen __PUNCT__

and the bush_administr ha done some good_thing __PUNCT__ such as the prolifer secur initi __PUNCT__ the global threat initi __PUNCT__ and the __NUM__ bratislava accord between bush and putin on nuclear secur __PUNCT__

when i wa energi secretari under presid_clinton __PUNCT__ doe also did mani thing to secur russian nuke __PUNCT__

we increas fund __PUNCT__ from __MONEY___million to __MONEY__ million __PUNCT__ for doe materi protect __PUNCT__ control and account program __PUNCT__ to protect russian nuclear warhead and weapon __PUNCT__ grade fissil_materi from fall into the hand of terrorist or black_market dealer __PUNCT__

i also sign the implement agreement for the mpc&a program __PUNCT__ which put the program on a secur foot with the russian __PUNCT__

and we got an emerg __MONEY___million supplement to dispos of russian weapon __PUNCT__ usabl plutonium __PUNCT__

we work_close with the russian ministri of atom energi to determin how to us these fund to elimin __NUM___ton of russian plutonium __PUNCT__

but i am sorri to sai that the bush_administr got entangl in delai and conflict with the russian __PUNCT__ and still ha not spent thi __MONEY___million __PUNCT__

those __NUM___ton of plutonium ar still there __PUNCT__ and now it even appear that fund is in danger in congress __PUNCT__

i strongli urg congress to fund thi import nonprolifer program __PUNCT__

dure my tenur at doe __PUNCT__ our nuclear citi initi __PUNCT__ nci __PUNCT__ actual got the russian to agre to close down their avangard nuclear_weapon plant __PUNCT__ as we fund the transit of displac weapon worker to non __PUNCT__ militari job __PUNCT__

thi wa monei well spent to protect_america and the world __PUNCT__

we should have expand thi program __PUNCT__ but instead the bush_administr allow the nci agreement to laps when it came up for renew in __NUM__ __PUNCT__

inde __PUNCT__ befor __NUM__ the bush administr even plan to kill both the plutonium disposit program and the nuclear citi initi __PUNCT__ and to thi dai thei continu to under __PUNCT__ fund both program __PUNCT__

meanwhil __PUNCT__ we ar spend___MONEY___billion a month on iraq __PUNCT__

of the mani wai in which mr __PUNCT__ bush ill __PUNCT__ conceiv war ha distract us from our real nation_secur need __PUNCT__ thi is the most danger __PUNCT__

we must do more __PUNCT__ much more __PUNCT__ to secur russian nuclear materi __PUNCT__

at of the end of fy___NUM__ u.s. __PUNCT__ fund secur and account upgrad had been complet for bare half of former soviet at __PUNCT__ risk site __PUNCT__ leav mani site vulner even to rel unsophist terrorist or traffick __PUNCT__

and even the upgrad build remain vulner to well __PUNCT__ train attack __PUNCT__ of the sort we have seen in action in russia in recent_year __PUNCT__

we need more rapid progress in consolid nuclear_weapon and materi into a smaller number of site __PUNCT__ and in make sure that everi site is secur __PUNCT__

we and the russian also should take our nuclear weapon off hair __PUNCT__ trigger alert statu __PUNCT__

not onli is thi cold_war relic unnecessari todai __PUNCT__ but it also prevent us from secur all of the russian arsen __PUNCT__ as thei don't want to provid us with total inform on their nuclear_weapon when we have thousand of our own readi to be launch at them on a minut notic __PUNCT__

the situat in some other part of the world is even more danger than in russia __PUNCT__

in sever countri __PUNCT__ civilian nuclear facil often ar less secur than a groceri_store __PUNCT__ and even weapon __PUNCT__ grade nuclear materi ar vulner to theft __PUNCT__

pakistan weapon ar the most like to fall into the wrong hand __PUNCT__

thei could be raid by al_qaeda group or sold by insid __PUNCT__

and we cannot exclud the possibl that jihadist could come to power __PUNCT__

we need to work __PUNCT__ perhap quietli __PUNCT__ with gener musharraf to insur that __PUNCT__ in the event of a coup __PUNCT__ jihadist would not be abl to us the pakistani nuclear_arsen __PUNCT__

the global threat reduct initi ha acceler the remov of nuclear materi from site around the world __PUNCT__ but huge secur gap remain __PUNCT__

inde __PUNCT__ two __PUNCT__ third of u.s. __PUNCT__ suppli highli enrich uranium __PUNCT__ heu __PUNCT__ still is not cover by the u. __PUNCT__ take __PUNCT__ back offer __PUNCT__ and there ar too mani reactor in the world still us bomb __PUNCT__ grade fuel __PUNCT__

a comprehens global plan we can do better __PUNCT__

we can prevent the ultim prevent catastroph and end the era of nuclear fear __PUNCT__

but we need to realli focu on it __PUNCT__ and do the hard_work that need to be done __PUNCT__

it is a question of commit __PUNCT__ of leadership __PUNCT__

of not take our ey off the ball __PUNCT__

as i said __PUNCT__ some good_thing have alreadi been done __PUNCT__ but thei have been piecem and inadequ __PUNCT__

it took a manhattan project to creat the bomb __PUNCT__

we need a new manhattan project to stop the bomb __PUNCT__ a comprehens program to secur all nuclear_weapon and all weapon __PUNCT__ usabl materi __PUNCT__ worldwid __PUNCT__

the unit_state must lead a global coalit to establish effect __PUNCT__ univers nuclear secur standard that reduc the number of nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__ and make sure that those that exist ar safe from theft or divers __PUNCT__

we also must secur all fission materi associ with nuclear_energi and research __PUNCT__ with a __PUNCT__ global clean __PUNCT__ out __PUNCT__ which remov all weapon __PUNCT__ grade materi_world __PUNCT__ wide from vulner site __PUNCT__ and consolid it into a limit number of highli __PUNCT__ secur facil __PUNCT__

a comprehens strategi must focu on four kei task __PUNCT__

if we accomplish them all __PUNCT__ it is unlik that terrorist will get a nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__

if we fail to do them __PUNCT__ sooner or later thei will __PUNCT__

we need to __PUNCT__ halt nuclear weapon prolifer halt nuclear weapon product and reduc the size of nuclear_arsen halt or secur civilian program that requir or produc bomb __PUNCT__ grade materi consolid and secur all exist fissil_materi and all futur product associ with nuclear_energi and research worldwid the first task __PUNCT__ halt nuclear_weapon prolifer __PUNCT__ is urgent and immedi __PUNCT__ becaus we ar on the edg of a precipic with north_korea and iran __PUNCT__

if we don't stop them __PUNCT__ sever other nation __PUNCT__ especi their neighbor __PUNCT__ mai decid to go nuclear as well __PUNCT__

and the more state that have nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__ the greater the risk that terrorist will acquir them __PUNCT__

in deal with difficult regim like iran and north_korea __PUNCT__ we must rememb that no nation ha ever been forc to renounc nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__ but that mani nation have been convinc to renounc them __PUNCT__

if we unit the world behind the right carrot and stick __PUNCT__ and provid the north_korean and the iranian with face __PUNCT__ save wai to step_back from the nuclear brink __PUNCT__ we will prevail __PUNCT__

some good step have been taken recent __PUNCT__ and there ar sign that we mai succe __PUNCT__

meaning sanction accompani by posit incent and secur guarante lessen the paranoia and strengthen the pragmatist __PUNCT__

the kei is convinc these regim that thei will be more secur without nuclear_weapon than with them __PUNCT__

to convinc them __PUNCT__ we absolut need russia and china __PUNCT__

to implement the recent agreement with north_korea __PUNCT__ and to get them to dismantl the devic thei alreadi have __PUNCT__ china is the kei __PUNCT__

to stop iran from enrich uranium __PUNCT__ it russia __PUNCT__

whenev the un secur_council is involv __PUNCT__ we need both russia and china __PUNCT__

thi is why the current administr allergi to strateg diplomaci ha been so destruct __PUNCT__

if we had threaten the iranian and north_korean less __PUNCT__ talk to them more __PUNCT__ and built stronger relat with the other great_power __PUNCT__ the world would be a safer place todai __PUNCT__

we need to get back on the diplomat track __PUNCT__ and stai there __PUNCT__ if we ar to prevent further nuclear prolifer __PUNCT__

we also need to strengthen the npt regim __PUNCT__ which ha been weaken in recent_year __PUNCT__ as india and pakistan and north_korea have gone nuclear __PUNCT__ and as iran attempt to do so __PUNCT__

we need a new global non __PUNCT__ prolifer agreement which prevent state from develop nuclear_fuel __PUNCT__ enrich capabl __PUNCT__ and then abandon the npt as thei rush to make bomb __PUNCT__

we also need to negoti a tough univers verif system that give intern inspector immedi and unfett access to all site __PUNCT__ worldwid __PUNCT__

get all nation to agre to a stronger nonprolifer regim will requir skill diplomaci and new think __PUNCT__

which bring me to the second task __PUNCT__ the nuclear state must stop_make new weapon and must reduc the size of their exist arsen __PUNCT__

the non __PUNCT__ prolifer_treati commit non __PUNCT__ nuclear state to forego nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__ and it also commit the nuclear weapon state to the goal of nuclear disarma __PUNCT__

to get other to take the npt serious __PUNCT__ we need to take it serious ourselv __PUNCT__

we should re __PUNCT__ affirm our commit to the long __PUNCT__ term_goal of global nuclear disarma __PUNCT__ and we should invit the russian to join us in a moratorium on all new nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__

and we should negoti further stage reduct in our arsen __PUNCT__ beyond what ha alreadi been agre __PUNCT__ over the next decad __PUNCT__

in a world in which nuclear terror rather than war with russia is the main threat __PUNCT__ reduc all nuclear_arsen __PUNCT__ in a care __PUNCT__ orderli wai __PUNCT__ make everyon safer __PUNCT__

negoti to reduc our arsen also ar our diplomat ac __PUNCT__ in __PUNCT__ the __PUNCT__ hole __PUNCT__

we can leverag our own propos reduct to get the other nuclear_power to do the same __PUNCT__ and simultan get the non __PUNCT__ nuclear power to forego both weapon and nuclear_fuel enrich __PUNCT__ and to agre to rigor global safeguard and verif procedur __PUNCT__

the unit_state also should ratifi the comprehens test ban treati __PUNCT__ not onli becaus it is good_polici __PUNCT__ but also to send a signal to the world that america ha turn a corner __PUNCT__ and onc again will be a global leader __PUNCT__ not a unilateralist loner __PUNCT__

our third task is to put the lid on the most danger civilian technolog __PUNCT__

current __PUNCT__ there ar over __NUM___ton of heu in civilian power and research program in over __NUM___nation __PUNCT__

it take as littl as __NUM__ kg to produc a nuclear_weapon __PUNCT__

there ar no fewer than __NUM__ oper research reactor __PUNCT__ in __NUM___countri __PUNCT__

some __NUM__ of these have __NUM__ kg or more of heu stock __PUNCT__

mani ar poorli secur __PUNCT__

civilian plutonium is even more worrisom __PUNCT__

commerci reprocess plant in britain __PUNCT__ franc __PUNCT__ and russia separ about __NUM___ton of civilian plutonium from spent_fuel each year __PUNCT__ but most of it is not us as civilian reactor fuel __PUNCT__

rather __PUNCT__ it accumul __PUNCT__ as do the risk of it fall into the wrong hand __PUNCT__

todai there ar well over __NUM___ton of separ plutonium in civilian stockpil around the world __PUNCT__

thi is a catastroph wait to happen __PUNCT__

we need to close down or phase out as mani of these facil as we can __PUNCT__ and rapidli secur all materi of potenti interest to terrorist __PUNCT__

negoti to accomplish thi will be veri difficult __PUNCT__ but a comprehens strategi to stop nuclear terror must __PUNCT__ at a minimum __PUNCT__ stop the construct of new facil that us bomb __PUNCT__ grade fuel __PUNCT__ and establish rigor intern_secur standard and monitor procedur for those facil that alreadi exist __PUNCT__

our fourth task is to consolid all exist fissil_materi __PUNCT__ and all futur uranium enrich and spent __PUNCT__ fuel dispos in a limit number of highli secur facil in the nuclear state __PUNCT__

uranium enrich for nuclear_energi is inher_danger __PUNCT__

it is too easi to convert into a weapon_program __PUNCT__ and the more place it happen __PUNCT__ the more opportun there ar for terrorist to acquir fissil_materi __PUNCT__

accordingli __PUNCT__ the nuclear_weapon state should agre to an intern program that provid non __PUNCT__ nuclear weapon state with leu nuclear_fuel at stabl price __PUNCT__ and which then receiv all spent_fuel for dispos in a limit number of highli secur facil in the nuclear state __PUNCT__

such a program would elimin the econom rational for non __PUNCT__ nuclear_weapon state to enrich their own uranium __PUNCT__

the obstacl to accomplish these multipli goal ar mani and intertwin __PUNCT__

to prevent nuclear terror we will need to overcom vest_interest __PUNCT__ old suspicion and habit __PUNCT__ ideolog rigid __PUNCT__ religi and ethnic rivalri __PUNCT__ bureaucrat inertia and nation_pride __PUNCT__

the onli wai to cut thi nuclear gordian knot __PUNCT__ in my view __PUNCT__ will be through a focus global effort led by a unit_state state_govern fulli commit to solv thi problem __PUNCT__ and will to listen as well as to talk __PUNCT__

and thi will requir american_leader who recogn that the nuclear postur and polici which work in the last centuri will not work in thi new centuri __PUNCT__

some have said that nuclear terror is just inevit __PUNCT__ that we can never put the lid back on the pandora box of nuclear_technolog __PUNCT__

thei ar right that we cannot turn_back the clock __PUNCT__

but we can greatli reduc the risk of nuclear terror __PUNCT__ just as the __NUM__ the geneva protocol greatli reduc the us of chemic and biolog_weapon __PUNCT__ and cold_war arm talk reduc the threat of war between the us and the ussr __PUNCT__

we can prevent the ultim prevent catastroph if we have the courag to recogn and embrac the challeng __PUNCT__

thi is what the new realism is all about __PUNCT__

it about not deni danger __PUNCT__ but rather move_forward to meet them __PUNCT__

it about recogn that time have chang __PUNCT__ that we live in a differ world than our parent did __PUNCT__ and that we must act_decis if we wish to leav thi world intact to our children __PUNCT__

we need to look at the world through cool ey and see it for what it realli is __PUNCT__

but we also must have the vision and the optim and the courag to do what we can to make it a safer place __PUNCT__