Autonomous Hull and Harbor Inspection
Overview
We investigate the use of an autonomous underwater robot for
inspection of hulls and harbor infrastructure. Applications
include safety inspection to monitor paint and corrosion, and
security inspection to search for limpet mines. Use of the robot
avoids putting divers at risk and ensures full coverage even in
turbid waters.
A major challenge is underwater navigation, because GPS is
not available and state estimates from onboard navigation
sensors drift over time. The solution is to use imaging or
profiling sonar, and, if water turbidity allows, cameras, to map
the environment, while using this map for localization. In
robotics, this chicken-and-egg problem is commonly refered to as
simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM).
We use a Bluefin Hovering Autonomous Underwater Robot (HAUV)
with a fiber tether to facilitate real-time data visualization
and development/debugging. Navigational sensors include a ring
laser gyro and a Doppler velocity log (DVL). For perception, we
use an actuated DIDSON sonar, or alternatively a prototype of an
electronically steerable 3D forward looking sonar. Two cameras
and a light source are also available.
The Bluefin Hovering Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HAUV).
We regularly test our latest work on large ships, ranging from Coast Guard cutters all the way to aircraft carriers.
One of the ships used for testing, the SS Curtiss in San Diego, CA.
Contact
Please direct questions about this work to
Michael Kaess.
Funding
This work is sponsored by
the
Office of Naval
Research under grants N00014-12-1-0093 and N00014-16-1-2103, and by
the
American Bureau of
Shipping.
Publications
- "Towards Acoustic Structure from Motion for Imaging Sonar" by T.A. Huang and M. Kaess. In IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS, Hamburg, Germany, Sep. 2015, pp. 758-765. Details. Download: PDF.
- "Generic Factor-Based Node Removal: Enabling Long-Term
SLAM" by N. Carlevaris-Bianco, M. Kaess, R.M. Eustice. IEEE
Trans. on Robotics, TRO, vol. 30, no. 6, Dec. 2014, pp. 1371-1385. Details. Download: PDF.
- "Mapping 3D Underwater Environments with Smoothed Submaps"
by M. Van Middlesworth, M. Kaess, F.S. Hover, and
J.J. Leonard. In Conf. on Field and Service Robotics, FSR,
(Brisbane, Australia),
Dec. 2013. Details. Download: PDF.
- "Advanced Perception, Navigation and Planning for
Autonomous In-Water Ship Hull Inspection" by F.S. Hover,
R.M. Eustice, A. Kim, B.J. Englot, H. Johannsson, M. Kaess,
and J.J. Leonard. Intl. J. of Robotics Research, IJRR,
vol. 31, no. 12, Oct. 2012,
pp. 1445-1464. Details. Download: PDF.
- "iSAM2: Incremental Smoothing and Mapping Using the Bayes
Tree" by M. Kaess, H. Johannsson, R. Roberts, V. Ila,
J.J. Leonard, and F. Dellaert. Intl. J. of Robotics Research,
IJRR, vol. 31, no. 2, Feb. 2012,
pp. 217-236. Details. Download: PDF.
- "Efficient AUV Navigation Fusing Acoustic Ranging and
Side-scan Sonar" by M.F. Fallon, M. Kaess, H. Johannsson, and
J.J. Leonard. In IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics and
Automation, ICRA, (Shanghai, China), May 2011,
pp. 2398-2405. Best automation paper finalist (one of
five). Details. Download: PDF.
- "Imaging Sonar-Aided Navigation for Autonomous Underwater
Harbor Surveillance" by H. Johannsson, M. Kaess, B.J. Englot,
F.S. Hover, and J.J. Leonard, IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conf. on
Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS, (Taipei, Taiwan),
Oct. 2010. Details. Download: PDF.
- "Towards Autonomous Ship Hull Inspection using the Bluefin
HAUV" by M. Kaess, H. Johannsson, B. Englot, F.S. Hover, and
J.J. Leonard. Ninth International Symposium on Technology and
the Mine Problem, (Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA),
May
2010. Details. Download: PDF.
Last updated: Oct 11, 2015 by kaess@cmu.edu