Human-Computer Interaction in the Developing World
Course Number:
05-899 C
Day/Time:
Tuesdays & Thursdays 12pm-1.20pm (Spring 2009)
Location:
CFA 213 (College of Fine Arts)
Units:
12
Books:
None
Instructor:
Prof.
Matthew Kam (HCI Institute)
NSH 3525
Office Hours:
By appointment
Prerequisites:
This course does not assume a prerequisite in HCI, and non-HCII students in the
SCS and other campus units are welcome. Advanced undergraduates may enroll with
the instructor’s permission.
Course Description
In its relatively short history, computing technologies have revolutionized the
ways that we live, work and play. Yet these advances have mostly focused on the
middle-class in industrialized nations. Can computing make a difference in
empowering the poor in developing countries to address the challenges in their
daily lives? To what extent do traditional user-centered design methods in HCI
such as participatory design, contextual inquiry and iterative testing ensure
that the systems we design truly address the needs of the poor in the developing
world? How is designing for – and with – villagers and urban slums dwellers
different from designing for middle-income users in the industrialized world?
Finally, what does HCI inform other computing sub-disciplines in making an
impact on the developing world?
This seminar course will explore the emerging body of literature on HCI in the
Developing World. We will examine the applications of HCI methods in developing
world contexts such as education, agriculture, healthcare and microfinance. We
will cover developing regions which include Africa, Asia, Latin America, and of
course, the so-called industrialized world.
Course readings will emphasize how HCI projects are carried out in the field,
through human-centered design processes for and with underserved communities in
developing regions throughout the world. We will examine how HCI methods such as
paper prototyping, comics, songs and dance, ethnographic and participatory
approaches need to be employed differently from Western contexts. We will
explore a broad range of appropriate computing technologies which goes beyond
the desktop computer: paper, videos, mobile devices, remote networking,
speech/voice and tangible user interfaces.
By the end of the course, students will be exposed to HCI methods, technologies
and paradigms that enable them to adopt a human-centered perspective when
implementing technology projects in the trenches. These emerging frameworks not
only investigate the tangible value of computing in empowering the poor, but
also its symbolic value. An important goal in the course is to conceptualize who
are the “users” in low-income communities – in terms of their aspirations,
fears, expectations, everyday lives and indirect use of technology.
Syllabus
Appropriate Technology in the Developing World
January 13:
We Are All Emerging Economies Now.
John Thackara. In Guest Observer,
June 27, 2008.
http://www.designobserver.com/archives/entry.html?id=38773
The Case for Technology for Developing Regions.
Eric Brewer, Michael Demmer, Bowei Du, Kevin Fall, Melissa Ho, Matthew Kam,
Sergiu Nedevschi, Joyojeet Pal, Rabin Patra, and Sonesh Surana. In
IEEE Computer, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp.
25-38, June 2005.
http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MC.2005.204
The Challenges of Technology Research for Developing Regions.
Eric Brewer, Michael Demmer, Melissa Ho, R.J. Honicky, Joyojeet Pal, Madelaine
Plauché, and Sonesh Surana. In IEEE
Pervasive Computing, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 15-23, April-June 2006.
http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MPRV.2006.40
January 15:
Human-Computer Interaction for Development: The Past, Present and Future.
Melissa R. Ho, Thomas N. Smyth, Matthew Kam, and Andy Dearden.
Under review.
Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered.
Part III, Chapter 2: Social and Economic Problems Calling for the Development of
Intermediate Technology. E. F. Schumacher. Harper Perennial, 1989.
On Writing ICTD Research Papers. Kentaro Toyama.
Write-up for ICTD 2009 Conference
Authors.
http://research.microsoft.com/users/toyama/On%20Writing%20ICTD%20Research%20Papers.doc
Part I:
User-Centered Design Methods
Participatory Design
January 20:
Participatory IT Design and Participatory Development: A Comparative Review.
Andy Dearden, and Haider Rizvi. In Proceedings of the Conference on
Participatory Design (PDC ’08),
pp. 81-91, 2008.
Whose Participation? Whose knowledge?: Exploring PD in Tanzania-Zanzibar and
Sweden.
Pirjo Elovaara, Faraja Teddy Igira, and Christina Mörtberg. In Proceedings of
the Ninth Conference on Participatory Design
(PDC ’06), pp. 105-114, Trento, Italy,
August 1-5, 2006.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1147261.1147277
Connecting the "Bottom of the Pyramid": An Exploratory Case Study of India’s
Rural Communication Environment.
Sarita Seshagiri, Aman Sagar, and Dhaval Joshi. In Proceedings of the 16th
international Conference on World Wide Web (WWW ’07), pp. 855-862, Banff,
Alberta, Canada, May 8 - 12, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1242572.1242688
January 22:
Social Dynamics of Early Stage Co-Design in Developing Regions.
Divya Ramachandran, Matthew Kam, Jane Chiu, John Canny, and James L. Frankel. In
Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI
’07), pp. 1087-1096, San Jose, California, USA, April 28-May 3, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240790
E-du Box: Educational Multimedia with Tangible-Enhanced Interaction.
André Wilson Brotto Furtado, Taciana Pontual Falcão, Alex Sandro Gomes, Carlos
Eduardo Monteiro Rodrigues, and Roberto Sonnino. In Proceedings of the 7th
ACM Conference on Designing interactive Systems (DIS ’08), pp. 139-146,
Cape Town, South Africa, February 25 - 27, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1394445.1394460
Comicboarding: Using Comics as Proxies for Participatory Design with Children.
Neema Moraveji, Jason Li, Jiarong Ding, Patrick O’Kelley, and Suze Woolf. In
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI
’07), pp. 1371-1374, San Jose, California, USA, April 28-May 03, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240832
Contextual Inquiry and Rapid Ethnography
January 27:
Lessons from Deploying the Remote Transaction System With Three Microfinance
Institutions in Uganda. Matthew
Kam, and Tu Tran. In Proceedings of UNIDO-UC Berkeley "Bridging the Divide"
Conference, April 21-23,
2005.
What Works: Scaling Microfinance with the Remote Transaction System.
Nicolas Magnette, and Digby Lock. What
Works Case Study, Digital Dividend Clearinghouse, World Resources Institute,
August 2005.
January 29:
Contextuality of Participation in IS Design: A Developing Country Perspective.
S. K. Puri, Elaine Byrne, José Leopoldo Nhampossa, and Zubeeda B. Quraishi. In
Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Participatory Design (PDC ’04),
pp. 42-52, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, July 27 - 31, 2004.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1011870.1011876
Serial Hanging Out: Rapid Ethnographic Needs Assessment in Rural Settings.
Jaspal S. Sandhu, P. Altankhuyag, and D. Amarsaikhan. In J. Jacko (Ed.),
Human-Computer Interaction, Part I, HCII 2007, LNCS 4550, pp. 614-623, 2007.
Surveys
February 3:
Organizing the Unorganized – Employing IT to Empower the Under-Privileged.
Arun Kumar, Nitendra Rajput, Sheetal Agarwal, Dipanjan Chakraborty, and Amit
Anil Nanavati. In Proceeding of the 17th International Conference on World
Wide Web (WWW ’08), pp. 935-944, Beijing, China, April 21-25, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1367497.1367623
“My Child Will Be Respected”: Parental Perspectives on Computers in Rural India.
Joyojeet Pal, Meera Lakshmanan and Kentaro Toyama. In
Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development
(ICTD ’07), pp. 168-176, Bangalore, India, December 15-16, 2007.
Relationship Building in the Design Partnership
February 5:
Establishing Relationships for Designing Rural Information Systems.
Yael Schwartzman, and Tapan Parikh. In Extended Abstracts of the ACM
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’07), pp. 1845-1850,
San Jose, California, USA, April 28-May 03, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240866.1240909
Practical Considerations for Participatory Design with Rural School Children in
Underdeveloped Regions: Early Reflections from the Field.
Matthew Kam, Divya Ramachandran, Anand Raghavan, Jane Chiu, Urvashi Sahni, and
John Canny. In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Interaction Design and
Children (IDC ’06), pp. 25-32, Tampere, Finland, June 7-9, 2006.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1139073.1139085
Involving local undergraduates in fieldwork.
Matthew Kam. In ACM
interactions,
Vol. 15, No. 4, July 2008, pp. 58-60.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1374489.1374503
Chinese translation:
http://uigarden.net/chinese/shi-dang-di-xue-sheng-can-yu-shi-di-kao-cha
Reflections on User-Centered Design
February 10:
Socially Aware Software Engineering for the Developing World.
Edwin Blake, and William Tucker. In IST-Africa 2006 Conference Proceedings.
Designing Interactive Systems for the Developing World – Reflections on
User-Centered Design.
Andrew Maunder, Gary Marsden, Dominic Gruijters, and Edwin Blake. In
Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development
(ICTD ’07), pp. 321-328, Bangalore, India, December 15-16, 2007.
Part II:
Application Domains
Education
February 12:
Localized Iterative Design for Language Learning in Underdeveloped Regions: The
PACE Framework.
Matthew Kam, Divya Ramachandran, Varun Devanathan, Anuj Tewari, and John Canny.
In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
(CHI ’07), pp. 1097-1106, San Jose, California, USA, April 28-May 03, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240791
Designing E-Learning Games for Rural Children in India: A Format for Balancing
Learning with Fun.
Matthew Kam, Aishvarya Agarwal, Anuj Kumar, Siddhartha Lal, Akhil Mathur, Anuj
Tewari, and John Canny. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Designing
interactive Systems (DIS ’08), pp. 58-67, Cape Town, South Africa, February
25-27, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1394445.1394452
Early OLPC Experiences in a Rural Uruguayan School.
Juan Pablo Hourcade, Daiana Beitler,
Fernando Cormenzana, and Pablo Flores. In Extended Abstracts of the ACM
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’08), pp. 2503-2512,
Florence, Italy, April 5-10, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1358628.1358707
February 17:
Multiple Mice for Retention Tasks in Disadvantaged Schools.
Udai Singh Pawar, Joyojeet Pal, Rahul Gupta, and Kentaro Toyama. In
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI
’07), pp. 1581-1590, San Jose, California, USA, April 28-May 03, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240864
Mischief: Supporting Remote Teaching in Developing Regions.
Neema Moraveji, Taemie Kim, James Ge, Udai Singh Pawar, Kori Inkpen, and
Kathleen Mulcahy. In Proceeding of the Twenty-Sixth Annual ACM Conference on
Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’08), pp. 353-362, Florence, Italy,
April 5-10, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357114
Understanding and Designing for Intermediated Information Tasks in India.
Tapan S. Parikh and Kaushik Ghosh. In
IEEE Pervasive Computing Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 32-39, April-June
2006.
http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MPRV.2006.41
February 19:
Using Digital Video in Rural Indian Schools: A Study of Teacher Development and
Student Achievement.
Urvashi Sahni, Rahul Gupta, Glynda Hull, Paul Javid, Tanuja Setia, Kentaro
Toyama, and Randy Wang. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American
Educational Research Association (AERA ’08), March 2008.
http://dsh.cs.washington.edu:8000/distance/08aAERA.pdf
Agriculture
February 24:
Digital Green: Participatory Video for Agricultural Extension.
Rikin Gandhi, Rajesh Veeraraghavan and Kentaro Toyama, and Vanaja Ramprasad.
In Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development
(ICTD ’07), pp. 21-30, Bangalore, India, December 15-16, 2007.
A Survey of Information Systems Reaching Small Producers in Global Agricultural
Value Chains.
Tapan S. Parikh, Neil Patel, and Yael Schwartzman. In
Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development
(ICTD ’07), pp. 334-344, Bangalore, India, December 15-16, 2007.
Augmenting Rural Supply Chains with a Location-Enhanced Mobile Information
System.
Paul Javid and Tapan S. Parikh. In
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Information and Communication
Technologies and Development (ICTD ’06), pp. 110-119, Berkeley, California,
USA, May 25-26, 2006.
Healthcare
February 26:
Asynchronous Remote Medical Consultation for Ghana.
Rowena Luk, Melissa Ho, and Paul Aoki. In Proceeding of the Twenty-Sixth
Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’08), pp.
743-752, Florence, Italy, April 5-10, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357173
e-IMCI: Improving Pediatric Health Care in Low-Income Countries.
Brian DeRenzi, Neal Lesh, Tapan Parikh, Clayton
Sims, Marc Mitchell, Werner Maokla, Mwajuma Chemba, Yuna Hamisi, David
Shellenberg, and Gaetano Borriello. In Proceeding of the Twenty-Sixth Annual
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’08), pp. 753-762,
Florence, Italy, April 5-10, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357174
March 3:
Designing a Graphical User Interface for Healthcare Workers in Rural India.
Sally Grisedale, Mike Graves, and Alexander Grünsteidl. In Proceedings of the
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’97), pp. 471-478,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March 22-27, 1997.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/258549.258869
Informal Health and Legal Rights Education in Rural, Agricultural Communities
using Mobile Devices.
Jaspal S. Sandhu, Jonathan Hey, Catherine Newman, and Alice M. Agogino. Workshop
on Technology for Education in Developing Countries, July 5-8, 2005.
Participant and Interviewer Attitudes Toward Handheld Computers in the Context
of HIV/AIDS Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Karen G. Cheng, Francisco Ernesto, and Khai N. Truong. In Proceeding of the
Twenty-Sixth Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
(CHI ’08), pp. 763-766, Florence, Italy, April 5-10, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357175
Microfinance
March 5:
Rural Microfinance Service Delivery: Gaps, Inefficiencies and Emerging
Solutions.
Tapan S. Parikh. In Proceedings of the
1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and
Development (ICTD ’06), Berkeley, California, USA, May 25-26, 2006.
Mobile Phones and Paper Documents: Evaluating a New Approach for Capturing
Microfinance Data in Rural India.
Tapan Parikh, Paul Javid, Sasikumar K., and Kaushik Ghosh. In Proceedings of
the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’06), pp.
551-560, Montréal, Québec, Canada, April 22-27, 2006.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124857
Jadoo: A Paper User Interface for Users Unfamiliar with Computers.
Aditya Chand, and Anind Dey. In Extended Abstracts of the ACM Conference on
Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’06), pp. 1625-1630, Montréal,
Québec, Canada, April 22-27, 2006.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1125451.1125747
March 9-13: Spring Break, no classes.
Other Application Domains
March 17:
Challenges in Computerized Job Search for the Developing World.
Indrani Medhi, Geeta Menon, and Kentaro Toyama. In Extended Abstracts of ACM
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’08), pp. 2079-2094,
Florence, Italy, April 5-10, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1358628.1358640
An Exploration in Interface Design for the Chinese Migrant Worker Population.
Neema Moraveji, Rania Ho, David Huynh, and Leizhong Zhang. In Proceedings of
the 2005 Conference on Designing for User Experience (DUX ’05), San
Francisco, California, November 3-5, 2005.
March 19:
Participatory Health Information Systems Development in Cuba: The Challenge of
Addressing Multiple Levels in a Centralized Setting.
Jørn Braa, Ola Hodne Titlestad, Johan and Sæbø. In Proceedings of the Eighth
Conference on Participatory Design (PDC ’04), pp. 53-64, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada, July 27 - 31, 2004.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1011870.1011877
Iterative Design of A Braille Writing Tutor.
Nidhi Kalra, Tom Lauwers, Daniel Dewey, Tom Stepleton, and M. Bernardine Dias.
In Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development
(ICTD ’07), pp. 2-10, Bangalore, India, December 15-16, 2007.
Part III:
Special Topics
User-Interfaces for Semi-Literate Users
March 24:
Text-Free User Interfaces for Illiterate and Semiliterate Users.
Indrani Medhi, Aman Sagar, and Kentaro Toyama. In
Journal of Information Technology and
International Development, MIT Press, Vol. 4, No. 1, Fall 2007, pp. 37-50.
http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/itid.2007.4.1.37
Speech Interfaces for Equitable Access to Information Technology.
Madeline Plauché, and Udhyakumar Nallasamy. In
Journal of Information Technology and
International Development, MIT Press, Vol. 4, No. 1, Fall 2007, pp. 69-86.
http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/itid.2007.4.1.69
March 26:
Design Studies for a Financial Management System for Micro-credit Groups in
Rural India.
Tapan Parikh, Kaushik Ghosh, and Apala Chavan. In
Proceedings of the ACM Conference on
Universal Usability (CUU ’03), pp. 15-22, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada, November 10-11, 2003.
Optimal Audio-Visual Representations for Illiterate Users of Computers.
Indrani Medhi, Archana Prasad, and Kentaro Toyama. In Proceedings of the 16th
international Conference on World Wide Web (WWW ’07), pp. 873-882, Banff,
Alberta, Canada, May 8 - 12, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1242572.1242690
Exploring the Feasibility of Video Mail for Illiterate Users.
Archana Prasad, Indrani Medhi, Kentaro Toyama, and Ravin Balakrishnan. In
Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual interfaces (AVI
’08), pp. 103-110, Napoli, Italy, May 28-30, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1385569.1385588
Ethics (and Other Odd Topics)
March 31:
Questions of Ethics: Participatory Information Systems Research in Community
Settings.
E. Byrne, and P. M. Alexander. In Proceedings of the 2006 Annual Research
Conference of the South African institute of Computer Scientists and information
Technologists on IT Research in Developing Countries, Somerset West, South
Africa, October 9-11, 2006, pp. 117-126.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1216262.1216275
Designing Digital Games for Rural Children: A Study of Traditional Village Games
in India.
Matthew Kam, Akhil Mathur, Anuj Kumar, and John Canny. To appear in
Proceeding of the ACM Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘09), Boston, MA, April 4-9, 2009.
HCI4D in the So-Called Developed World
April 2:
Designs on Dignity: Perceptions of Technology among the Homeless.
Christopher A. Le Dantec, and W. Keith Edwards. In
Proceeding of the ACM Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘08), pp. 627-636, Florence, Italy, April
5-10, 2008.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1357054.1357155
Make it so! Jean-Luc Picard, Bart Simpson and the Design of E-Public Services.
Andy Dearden, Angela Lauener, Frances Slack, Chris Roast, and Steve Cassidy. In
Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Participatory Design (PDC ’06),
pp. 67-76, Trento, Italy, August 1-5, 2006.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1147261.1147272
April 4-9: CHI 2009 conference in Boston, no classes. You are welcome to attend
the HCI4D workshop that I’m co-organizing at CHI.
April 14:
Participatory Design in Community Computing Contexts: Tales from the Field.
Cecelia B. Merkel, Lu Xiao, Umer Farooq, Craig H. Ganoe, Roderick Lee, John M.
Carroll, and Mary Beth Rosson. In Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on
Participatory Design (PDC ’04), pp. 1-10, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, July 27
- 31, 2004.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1011870.1011872
Managing Technology Use and Learning in Nonprofit Community Organizations:
Methodological Challenges and Opportunities.
Cecelia Merkel, Umer Farooq, Lu Xiao, Craig Ganoe, Mary Beth Rosson, and John M.
Carroll. In Proceedings of the 2007
Symposium on Computer Human interaction for the Management of information
Technology (CHIMIT ’07), Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 30-31, 2007.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1234772.1234783
From Sandbox to “Fundbox”: Weaving Participatory Design into the Fabric of a
Busy Non-Profit.
Randy H. Trigg. In Proceedings of the 6th Participatory Design Conference
(PDC ’00), pp. 174-183, New York, New York, USA, November 28-December 1,
2000.
April 16: no classes (except TSB &
HNZ/ISM)
April 17-19: ICTD 2009 conference organized by CMU at Doha, Qatar.
Retrospectives
April 21:
Indra’s Net: HCI in the Developing World.
Susan M. Dray, David A. Siegel, and Paula Kotzé. In ACM
interactions, Vol. 10, No. 2, Mar.
2003, pp. 28-37.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637860
Advancing UCD While Facing Challenges Working from Offshore.
Pradeep Henry. 2003. In ACM interactions,
Vol. 10, No. 2, Mar. 2003, pp. 38-47.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637861
Using HCI to Leverage Communication Technology.
Gary Marsden. In ACM interactions,
Vol. 10, No. 2, Mar. 2003, pp. 48-55.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637862
Enabling Computer Interaction in the Indigenous Languages of South Africa: The
Central Role of Computational Morphology.
Laurette Pretorius, and Sonja E. Bosch. In ACM
interactions, Vol. 10, No. 2, Mar.
2003, pp. 56-63.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637863
April 23:
Cultures, Literacy, and the Web: Dimensions of Information “Scent”.
Marion Walton, and Vera Vukovic. In ACM
interactions, Vol. 10, No. 2, Mar. 2003, pp. 64-71.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637864
Adopting Information Technology as a First Step in Design: Lessons Learned from
Working with Brazilian Social Volunteers.
Clarisse S. de Souza, Raquel O. Prates, and Simone D. J. Barbosa. In ACM
interactions, Vol. 10, No. 2, Mar.
2003, pp. 72-79.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637865
HCI in the So-Called Developing World: What’s in it for Everyone.
Derrick L. Cogburn. In ACM interactions,
Vol. 10, No. 2, Mar. 2003, pp. 80-87.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637866
Human-Computer Interaction Research and Practice in China.
Jian Wang. In ACM interactions, Vol.
10, No. 2, Mar. 2003, pp. 88-96.
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/637848.637867
The Future of HCI4D
April 28:
Human-Computer Interaction: The Past and the Present.
In John M. Carroll (Ed.), Human-Computer
Interaction in the New Millennium, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2002.
Toward a Multidisciplinary Science of Human-Computer Interaction.
In John M. Carroll (Ed.), HCI Models,
Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science, Morgan
Kaufmann, 2003, pp. 1-10.
The Virtues of Mundane Science.
Daniel M. Kammen, and Michael R. Dove. In
Environment, Vol. 39, No. 6, July/August 1997.
http://rael.berkeley.edu/files/1997/Kammen-Dove-Mundane-Science-1997.pdf