Intelligent Tutoring Systems Educational Data Mining Human-Computer Interaction Gaming the System
Ryan Shaun Joazeiro de Baker         ryan@educationaldatamining.org

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REFEREED JOURNAL PAPERS

Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R. (2008) Developing a Generalizable Detector of When Students Game the System. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 18, 3, 287-314. [official pdf] [pdf]

Baker, R., Walonoski, J., Heffernan, N., Roll, I., Corbett, A., Koedinger, K. (2008) Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19 (2), 185-224. [pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2007) The Difficulty Factors Approach to the Design of Lessons in Intelligent Tutor Curricula. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 17 (4), 341-369. [pdf]

Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2006) Responding to Problem Behaviors in Cognitive Tutors: Towards Educational Systems Which Support All Students. National Association for the Dually Diagnosed (NADD) Bulletin, 9 (4), 70-75. [pdf]

Tamassia R., Goodrich M.T., Vismara L., Handy M., Cohen R., Hudson B., Baker, R.S., Gelfand, N., Shubina G., Brandes U. (2001) JDSL: The Data Structures Library in Java. Dr. Dobb's Journal and Sourcebook, April 2001, 21-33.

REFEREED BOOK CHAPTERS

Baker, R.S.J.d. (in press) Data Mining for Education. To appear in McGaw, B., Peterson, P., Baker, E. (Eds.) International Encyclopedia of Education (3rd edition). Oxford, UK: Elsevier. [draft pdf]

Koedinger, K., Aleven, V., Roll, I., Baker, R. (in press) In vivo experiments on whether supporting metacognition in intelligent tutoring systems yields robust learning. To appear in Graesser, A., Hacker, D. (Eds.), Handbook of Metacognition in Education.[draft pdf]

REFEREED CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP FULL PAPERS

Baker, R.S.J.d., de Carvalho, A.M.J.A., Raspat, J., Aleven, V., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (in press) Educational Software Features that Encourage and Discourage "Gaming the System". To appear in the Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. [corrected pdf] [erratum]

Baker, R.S.J.d. (in press) Differences Between Intelligent Tutor Lessons, and the Choice to Go Off-Task. To appear in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Educational Data Mining. [pdf]

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d. (in press) Coarse-Grained Detection of Student Frustration in an Introductory Programming Course. To appear in the Proceedings of ICER 2009: the International Computing Education Workshop. [pdf]

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S., Jadud, M.C., Amarra, A.C.M., Dy, T., Espejo-Lahoz, M.B.V., Lim, S.A.L., Pascua, S.A.M.S., Sugay, J.O., Tabanao, E.S. (in press) Affective and Behavioral Predictors of Novice Programmer Achievement. To appear in the Proceedings of the 14th ACM-SIGCSE Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. [pdf]

Prata, D.N., Baker, R.S.J.d., Costa, E., Rosé, C.P., Cui, Y., de Carvalho, A.M.J.B. (in press) Detecting and Understanding the Impact of Cognitive and Interpersonal Conflict in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environments. To appear in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Educational Data Mining. [pdf]

Cocea, M., Hershkovitz, A., Baker, R.S.J.d. (in press) The Impact of Off-task and Gaming Behaviors on Learning: Immediate or Aggregate? To appear in the Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. [pdf]

Shute, V., Levy, R., Baker, R., Beck, J. (in press) Intelligent Educational Systems with Embedded Assessment to Support Learning: A Peek into the Future. Proceedings of the AIED2009 Workshop on Intelligent Educational Games.[pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Aleven, V. (2008) Improving Contextual Models of Guessing and Slipping with a Truncated Training Set.Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 67-76.[pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., de Carvalho, A. M. J. A. (2008) Labeling Student Behavior Faster and More Precisely with Text Replays. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 38-47.[pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Aleven, V. (2008) More Accurate Student Modeling Through Contextual Estimation of Slip and Guess Probabilities in Bayesian Knowledge Tracing. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 406-415. [pdf]

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d., d'Mello, S., Gonzalez, M.C.T., Lagud, M.C.V., Lim, S.A.L., Macapanpan, A.F., Pascua, S.A.M.S., Santillano, J.Q., Sugay, J.O., Tep, S., Viehland, N.J.B. (2008) Comparing Learners' Affect While Using an Intelligent Tutoring Systems and a Simulation Problem Solving Game. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 40-49. [pdf]

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Anglo, E.A., Sugay, J.O., Baker, R.S.J.d. (2008) Use of Unsupervised Clustering to Characterize Learner Behaviors and Affective States while Using an Intelligent Tutoring System. Proceedings of International Conference on Computers in Education.[pdf]

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Baker, R.S.J.d., du Boulay, B., Sugay, J.O., Lim, S.A.L., Espejo-Lahoz, M.B., Luckin, R. (2008) The Effects of Motivational Modeling on Affect in an Intelligent Tutoring System. Proceedings of International Conference on Computers in Education.[pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., Rodrigo, M.M.T., Xolocotzin, U.E. (2007) The Dynamics of Affective Transitions in Simulation Problem-Solving Environments. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction . [pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., Habgood, M.P.J., Ainsworth, S.E., Corbett, A.T. (2007) Modeling the Acquisition of Fluent Skill in Educational Action Games. Proceedings of User Modeling 2007, 17-26. [pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d. (2007) Modeling and Understanding Students' Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007: Computer-Human Interaction, 1059-1068. [Honorable Mention for Best Paper Award] [pdf]

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d., Lagud, M.C.V., Lim, S.A.L., Macapanpan, A.F., Pascua, S.A.M.S., Santillano, J.Q., Sevilla, L.R.S., Sugay, J.O., Tep, S., Viehland, N.J.B. (2007) Affect and Usage Choices in Simulation Problem Solving Environments. Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2007, 145-152. [pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d. (2007) Is Gaming the System State-or-Trait? Educational Data Mining Through the Multi-Contextual Application of a Validated Behavioral Model. Complete On-Line Proceedings of the Workshop on Data Mining for User Modeling at the 11th International Conference on User Modeling 2007, 76-80. [pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Evenson, E., Roll, I., Wagner, A.Z., Naim, M., Raspat, J., Baker, D.J., Beck, J. (2006) Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 392-401. [Won Best Paper Award] [pdf] (25 citations as of 05/27/09)

Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Roll, I. (2006) Generalizing Detection of Gaming the System Across a Tutoring Curriculum. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 402-411. [Finalist for Best Paper Award] [pdf]

Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Wagner, A.Z. (2006) Human Classification of Low-Fidelity Replays of Student Actions. Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining Workshop at the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 29-36. [pdf]

Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Ryu, E., Baker, R.S.J.d., Koedinger, K.R. (2006) The Help Tutor: Does Metacognitive Feedback Improve Students' Help-Seeking Actions, Skills, and Learning? Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 360-369. [pdf]

Baker, R.S., Roll, I., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2005) Do Performance Goals Lead Students to Game the System? Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (AIED2005), 57-64. [Finalist for Best Paper Award] [pdf]

Fogarty, J., Baker, R., Hudson, S. (2005) Case Studies in the use of ROC Curve Analysis for Sensor-Based Estimates in Human Computer Interaction. Proceedings of Graphics Interface (GI 2005), 129-136. [pdf]

Roll, R., Baker, R., Aleven, V., McLaren, B., Koedinger, K. (2005) Modeling Students' Metacognitive Errors in Two Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of User Modeling 2005, 367-376. [pdf]

Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2004) Detecting Student Misuse of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 531-540. [pdf] (79 citations as of 05/27/09)

Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2004) Learning to Distinguish Between Representations of Data: a Cognitive Tutor That Uses Contrasting Cases. Proceedings of the International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 58-65. [pdf]

Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Wagner, A.Z. (2004) Off-Task Behavior in the Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students "Game The System". Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004: Computer-Human Interaction, 383-390. [pdf] (71 citations as of 05/27/09)

Baker R.S., Corbett A.T., Koedinger K.R., Schneider, M.P. (2003)A Formative Evaluation of a Tutor for Scatterplot Generation: Evidence on Difficulty Factors. Proceedings of the Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 107-115. [pdf]

Baker R.S., Corbett A.T., Koedinger K.R. (2002) The Resilience of Overgeneralization of Knowledge about Data Representations. Presented at American Educational Research Association Conference. [pdf]

Baker R.S., Corbett A.T., Koedinger K.R. (2001) Toward a Model of Learning Data Representations. Proceedings of the 23rd Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 45-50 [pdf] (21 citations as of 05/27/09)

Baker, R.S., Boilen, M., Goodrich, M., Tamassia, R., and Stibel, B.A. (1999) Testers and Visualizers for Teaching Data Structures. 30th ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 261-265. [pdf] (51 citations as of 05/27/09)

REFEREED CONFERENCE POSTERS AND SHORT PAPERS

Baker, R.S., Corbett, A., Koedinger, K., Roll, I. (2005) Detecting When Students Game The System, Across Tutor Subjects and Classroom Cohorts. Proceedings of User Modeling 2005, 220-224. [pdf]

Baker, R.S., Wagner, A.Z., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2004) The Social Role of Technical Personnel in the Deployment of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems. (download technical report version)

Roll, I., Baker, R.S., Aleven, V., Koedinger, K.R. (2004) A Metacognitive ACT-R model of Students' Learning Strategies in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 854-856.

Roll, I., Baker, R.S., Aleven, V., Koedinger, K.R. (2004) What goals do students have when choosing the actions they perform? Proceedings of International Conference on Cognitive Modeling. [pdf].

Dabbish L.A., Baker R.S. (2003) Administrative Assistants as Interruption Mediators. ACM CHI: Computer-Human Interaction, 2003, 1020-1021.

THESES

Baker, R.S. (2005) Designing Intelligent Tutors That Adapt to When Students Game the System. Doctoral Dissertation. CMU Technical Report CMU-HCII-05-104. [pdf]

Baker R.S. (2000) PILOT: An Interactive Tool For Learning and Grading. Senior Honors Thesis, Brown University. June, 2000. [pdf] Advisors: Roberto Tamassia , Thomas Dean.

OTHER (NON-REFEREED) PAPERS/PRESENTATIONS/TECHNICAL REPORTS

Baker, R.S.J.d., Yacef, K., Beck, J.E., Koedinger, K.R. (2009) Educational Data Mining. Tutorial at Artificial Intelligence in Education 2009.

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S.J.d., Abalos, N., Bacuyag, K., Basuel, B., Bautista, M., Cortez, M., Dulla, G., Elomina, S., Gineta, M.A., Rara, A., Rodriguez, R., Sanggalang, J., Sugay, J., Tan, A.K., Tan, M., Trajano, E., Uy, F., Victorino, N., Villaflor, K. (2009) A comparison of learners' affect and behaviors while using an intelligent tutor and an educational game. Presentation at Philippine Computing Society Congress 2009.

Rodrigo, M.M.T., Baker, R.S., Sugay, J.O., Tabano, E. (2009) Monitoring novice programmer affect and behaviors to identify learning bottlenecks. Presentation at Philippine Computing Society Congress 2009.

Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Aleven, V. (2009) Determining when an error is actually a slip. Presentation in Educational Data Mining: Seeing How Students Really Err. Symposium at the 13th Biennial Conference of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction.

Baker, R.S.J.d., Koedinger, K.R. (2008) Educational Data Mining: Opportunities for the International Internet Classroom. Presentation at AAAI Fall Symposium: Education Informatics: Steps Towards the International Internet Classroom.

Baker, R.S.J.d, Aleven, V., Koedinger, K.R., Rodrigo, M., Heffernan, N.T., Corbett, A.T., Roll, I. (2008) Gaming the System: Evidence from Data Mining and Human Observation on Affect, Attitudes, and Learning. Presentation at Technology, Instruction, Cognition, and Learning Symposium.

Koedinger, K.R., Aleven, V., Baker, R.S.J.d., Roll, I. (2007) Toward Understanding When Tutoring Meta-Cognition Enhances Domain Learning. Workshop on Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 1-2.

Baker, R.S. (2006) Educational Data Mining. Panel "Intelligent Tutoring Scales Up!" at 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Koedinger, K.R., Baker, R.S. (2006) Production Systems. Presentation at the TICL Masters Conference.

Baker, R.S., Beck, J.S. (2005) Psychometric Machine-Learned Models. Presentation at the Educational Data Mining Workshop at the annual meeting of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence.

Baker, R.S., Wagner, A.Z., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2004) The Social Role of Technical Personnel in the Deployment of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. CMU Technical Report CMU-HCII-04-100, July 2004. [pdf]

Rosé, C.P., Anthony, L., Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Pain, H., Porayska-Pomsta, K. (2004) Towards Encouraging a Learning Orientation Above a Performance Orienation. Panel at 7th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 907.

Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R. (2003) Statistical Techniques For Comparing ACT-R Models of Cognitive Performance. Proceedings of the 10th Annual ACT-R Workshop, 129-134. [pdf]

Baker R.S., Corbett A.T., Koedinger K.R. (2002) Distinct Errors Arising From a Single Misconception. Published as abstract, Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society Conference, 990. [pdf]

Baker R., Parberry I. (1996) Increasing Frame Rate In An Interactive Sprite Engine. Texas Academy of Science Conference. March, 1996. Published as abstract.

Quantitative Field Observation Motivational Modeling Interaction Design Psychometric Machine-Learned Models